How has empiricism shaped the development of modern Western philosophy?5 answersEmpiricism has significantly influenced the evolution of modern Western philosophy. Early modern philosophers like Locke, Berkeley, and Hume emphasized empirical observation and experience, while figures such as Hutcheson, Hume, Burke, and Home integrated empiricism with aesthetics, impacting the German-speaking world. This emphasis on observation and sensory experience continued to shape philosophical thinking into the Enlightenment era and beyond. The transition from crude empiricism to positivism, logical positivism, and eventually to falsifiability marked a crucial shift in philosophical perspectives. Overall, empiricism's focus on sensory experience, observation, and experimentation has been instrumental in challenging traditional philosophical approaches, fostering new methodologies, and contributing to the diverse landscape of modern Western philosophy.
How do different cultural and religious influences impact the construction of gender in the West?5 answersDifferent cultural and religious influences in the West significantly impact the construction of gender. Socio-cultural changes have influenced the interpretation and use of scriptural texts regarding same-sex relationships, leading to varied perspectives within society. The relationship between feminism, secularism, and religion plays a crucial role in shaping gender constructs, with discursive representations often creating boundaries between secular and religious women, hindering collaboration for women's rights. Abrahamic religions, deeply rooted in patriarchal cultures, contribute to gender inequalities in various aspects of life, including politics, commerce, and religious practices. Religious ideologies about gendered behaviors influence the lived experiences of men and women, with women often more engaged in religious institutions, impacting their societal, economic, and familial roles. These influences collectively shape perceptions of gender and sexuality in Western art, predominantly showcasing female nudity over male representations.
How western philosophy influence organisations?5 answersWestern philosophy has a significant influence on organizations. Traditional Western ethical theories, such as the Greek classics, Kant, and the British Utilitarians, have been deeply ingrained in American discourse in business ethics. These theories may not be applicable or acceptable to non-Western populations due to different traditions, religious beliefs, or cultural histories. However, organizations operating in the developing world have historically applied Western-based theories of management without considering local norms, values, and culture. This approach has led to workplace outcomes being evaluated through a Western ontological prism. Acknowledging indigenous ontologies and adjusting management principles and practices to them can result in more sustainable organizational change. Therefore, Western philosophy has influenced organizations in terms of ethical considerations, management practices, and the evaluation of workplace outcomes.
How western philosophy influence curriculum development?4 answersWestern philosophy has a significant influence on curriculum development. It is argued that western thoughts have permeated educational practices, implicitly subordinating local and indigenous knowledge systems. The current curriculum thinking often ignores the indigenous nature of knowledge systems, marginalizing them as subordinate knowledge. The authors suggest that the developed curriculum should represent unheard voices, ignored realities, and the histories and experiences of underrepresented groups. Additionally, the philosophy for children educational curriculum devised by Lipman and Sharp aims to reconstruct the Western philosophical tradition and engage children with philosophy through the use of novels and classroom discussions. The relationship between curriculum and teaching philosophy is also emphasized, with the teaching philosophy influencing the understanding of philosophical issues in educational institutions. Overall, western philosophy shapes curriculum development by influencing the selection of content, instructional methods, and the representation of diverse perspectives.
What are some of the most influential classics of literary theory?5 answersSome of the most influential classics of literary theory include "Preface Literary Theory in Classical Times Literary Theory in the Middle Ages The Rise and Fall of Neoclassicism Romantic Literary Theory Social Theories of the Nineteenth Century Naturalism, Symbolism and Modernism New Developments in Theory Twentieth-Century Russian Theory Anglo-American Criticism 1900-1960 Phenomenological Criticism in France and Germany French Structuralism Epilogue: Into the Postmodernist Period Time Charts Suggestions for Further Reading Glossary Endnotes Index" by Richard Harland, "In this powerful analysis of the perceived demise of theory and rise of creative writing in literary and cultural studies, Nicholas Royle meddles with our ideas about theory, autobiography, and literature. He explores the writings of Montaigne, Dryden, Wordsworth, Coleridge and Nabokov, as well as Lucretius, Freud, Bloom, Guy Debord, Cixous, Barthes, Derrida and Nancy", and "Part II: The Rise of Literary Theory: Timeline Part III: Scope of Literary Theory Critical Theory: Cultural Studies Deconstruction Ethnic Studies Feminist Theory Gender and Sexuality Marxist Theory Narrative Theory New Criticism New Historicism Postcolonial Studies Postmodernism Poststructuralism Psychoanalysis Reader-Response Theory Structuralism and Formalism" by Gregory Castle.
What are the most influential western esoteric traditions?3 answersThe most influential Western esoteric traditions include Ancient Hellenistic Sources, Italian Renaissance Magic and Kabbalah, Planetary and Angel Magic in the Renaissance, Alchemy, Paracelsus and German Naturphilosophie, Jacob Boehme and Theosophy, Rosicrucianism, High-Grade Freemasonry and Illuminism in the 18th Century, Emanuel Swedenborg, Mesmerism and Spiritualism, Ritual Magic from 1850 to the Present, Helena Blavatsky and the Theosophical Society, and Modern Esotericism and New Paradigms. Other influential traditions include Alchemy, Amulets, Astrology, Hermetic Literature, Freemasonry, Gnosticism, Rosicrucianism, and Theosophy. The Hermetic Tradition, including Neo-Platonism, Alchemy, Kabala, and Theosophy, has had a significant impact on the esoteric movement in the West. The Western esoteric tradition has also been influenced by the Kabbalah, Hermetica, medieval Tarot, Freemasonry, and Rosicrucianism. Helena Petrovna Blavatsky's inspiration in Western esoteric traditions, including magic, Freemasonry, and the Hermetic tradition, has played a major role in modern Theosophy.