What are the limitations of lysozyme from hen in microbiome analysis?4 answersHen egg lysozyme has limitations in microbiome analysis due to its inability to significantly impact the growth of broiler chickens and alter the diversity and composition of gut microbiota. Moreover, the use of hen egg lysozyme in food as a bacteriostatic agent poses challenges in detection due to matrix interference effects, requiring sample dilution for accurate analysis. While hen egg lysozyme is effective in some applications like antibacterial additives in the food industry and treatment of infectious diseases, its efficacy in microbiome modulation and biofilm degradation is limited compared to recombinant human lysozyme, which has shown superior biofilm-degrading capabilities in bacterial vaginosis treatment. These limitations highlight the need for alternative lysozyme sources for more effective microbiome analysis and biofilm disruption.
What are the effect of lipopolysaccharide on chicken gut microbiota and microbiome ?5 answersLipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in chickens has been shown to significantly impact the gut microbiota and microbiome. Studies have demonstrated that LPS challenge can lead to gut dysbiosis by altering microbial composition, such as reducing Escherichia-Shigella, Barnesiella, and Alistipes, while increasing Lactobacillus and Bacteroides. Additionally, LPS challenge can result in changes in the cecal microbial community, with specific alterations observed at the species level, like an increase in Clostridium-sp-Marseille-p3244. Furthermore, LPS-induced gut dysbiosis can be mitigated by dietary interventions, such as supplementation with Lauric acid (LA), Rhamnolipids (RLS), Indole-3-carboxylate (ICOOH), or Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides (GPS), which have been shown to modulate the gut microbiota composition and promote a healthier microbial balance in response to LPS challenge.
What is the limitation of the exopolysaccharide producing lactic acid bacteria use in broiler chickens?5 answersThe limitation of using exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing lactic acid bacteria in broiler chickens lies in the potential trade-off between beneficial properties and survival under stress. EPS manipulation affects cell surface characteristics, adhesion, and biofilm formation. While EPS can enhance adhesion to the chicken gut, reducing EPS production may compromise stress survival abilities. Additionally, the quantity of EPS is not the sole determinant of beneficial effects, as seen in the increased EPS levels in mutant strains. Furthermore, the use of prebiotics like dextran and levan can inhibit pathogenic bacteria growth in poultry, suggesting a potential alternative to antibiotics. Therefore, while EPS-producing lactic acid bacteria offer advantages in gut health and pathogen exclusion, careful consideration of the balance between beneficial properties and stress survival is crucial in broiler chicken applications.
What are the scalability issues related to use of exopolysaccharides in 3d printing.?5 answersScalability issues related to the use of exopolysaccharides in 3D printing include challenges in maintaining shape fidelity and ensuring long shelf-life. While microbial exopolysaccharides have significant applications in various industries, including healthcare, their biodegradability and poor cell adhesion can hinder their commercial use. However, blending exopolysaccharides with other polymers can enhance their mechanical strength, porosity, and cell adhesion rate, making them more suitable for tissue engineering applications. Bacteria-synthesized polysaccharides like cellulose exopolysaccharide (CEC) show promise as biofunctional scaffolds for 3D cultures, offering low toxicity and the potential for renewable production at scale. Understanding the structural and functional characteristics of exopolysaccharides is crucial for overcoming scalability issues and maximizing their potential in 3D printing applications.
What are the current challenges and future prospects for exopolysaccharide-based 3D printing applications in various industries?5 answersCurrent challenges for exopolysaccharide-based 3D printing applications in various industries include the shortage of suitable pharmaceutical feedstock, the need to optimize mechanical strength and printability of polysaccharide-based scaffolds, and the requirement for in-depth research on stability, degradation profiles, and interactions within living systems for commercialization. Future prospects involve the development of intelligent biomaterials with shape configuration time-dependent characteristics through 4D printing technology, the utilization of plant polysaccharides as sustainable feedstock for pharmaceutical formulations and biomedical devices, and the exploration of diverse applications in industries such as biomedicine, food, cosmetic, petroleum, and pharmaceuticals. These advancements highlight the potential for enhanced biocompatibility, biodegradability, and functional properties in exopolysaccharide-based 3D printing applications.
Lactic acid bacteria grow slower in oligosaccharides than glucose?5 answersLactic acid bacteria grow slower in oligosaccharides compared to glucose. The study by Ahmad Ni'matullah Al-Baarri et al. found that glucose and D-allulose equally supported the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Scott M. Holt et al. observed that ASR-derived oligosaccharides were selectively utilized by Bifidobacterium spp. but did not support significant growth of Lactobacillus spp. and other bacteria tested. Clarissa Schwab and Michael G. Gänzle found that lactic acid bacteria were capable of metabolizing HMO components and GOSs, but not complex HMOs. Pramod K. Gopal et al. demonstrated that Bifidobacterium lactis DR10 preferred tri- and tetra-saccharides, while Lactobacillus rhamnosus DR20 preferred disaccharides and monosaccharides. Therefore, lactic acid bacteria generally grow slower in oligosaccharides compared to glucose, but the specific response may vary depending on the strain and type of oligosaccharide.