What are the current research gaps in groundwater overexploitation induced land subsidence?
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Current research gaps in groundwater overexploitation induced land subsidence include the need for a systematic analysis of the dynamic characteristics of groundwater and the distribution and evolution of land subsidence in specific areas . Additionally, there is a need to establish a comprehensive understanding of the correlation between groundwater exploitation and land subsidence development in different layers of an area . Furthermore, the role of tectonics and other conditioning factors such as soft soil thickness layers in land subsidence needs to be evaluated . The existing literature on land subsidence due to aquifer overexploitation should be critically reviewed to identify the main causal factors driving this process . Moreover, there is a need to enhance the reliability of numerical models for groundwater extraction-induced aquifer-system compaction in specific regions, such as the Mekong delta, to develop effective policies for mitigating the negative effects of groundwater pumping .
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Related Questions
How does mining cause ground subsidence?5 answersMining causes ground subsidence through various mechanisms. One mechanism is the collapse of mine entries and mine roadway intersections, as well as the consolidation of shallow voids, which can generate crown holes ^[Donnelly]. Another mechanism is the longwall mining method, where the roof fails to relieve the strains on the working face, resulting in a subsidence trough. This subsidence trough causes the ground surface to deform and move upwards and outwards from the mined seam ^[Donnelly]. Additionally, underground coal mining can lead to ground subsidence due to the extraction of coal from deeper levels, which can cause the overlying strata to collapse and result in subsidence ^[Guo et al.]. These processes of ground subsidence can pose risks to infrastructure and the environment, and therefore, methods for predicting and mitigating mining-induced subsidence are important for safeguarding structures and land developments ^[Donnelly].
What is the importance of geotechnical investigation in areas where ground subsidence occur?5 answersGeotechnical investigation is important in areas where ground subsidence occurs because it helps in understanding the causes and mechanisms of subsidence, as well as in developing effective mitigation strategies. In the case of soft clay subgrade highways, such investigations can provide insights into the geotechnical characteristics of the soil and the potential for settlement. For tunneling and excavation projects, geotechnical investigations can help identify potential risks such as soil erosion and damage to underground pipes, allowing for proper monitoring and management. In the case of canal construction, geotechnical investigations can reveal the properties of the underlying soil and identify unsuitable conditions for construction. Geotechnical investigations can also be used to study the spatio-temporal patterns of ground deformation and identify causal factors such as geological conditions and aquifer exploitation. Overall, geotechnical investigations play a crucial role in understanding the underlying causes of ground subsidence and in developing strategies to mitigate its effects.
What are the cause of land subsidence?4 answersLand subsidence is caused by a combination of factors including excessive groundwater extraction, climate change, growing urbanization, unbalanced groundwater extraction, excessive surface load of buildings, unsuitable substrate for foundations, consolidation of sediments, oxidation and shrinkage of organic deposits, development of sinkholes and caverns, and geological forces such as slow fault movement, earthquakes, and volcanic activity. These factors have led to the lowering of the ground surface in various parts of the world, resulting in significant damage to the physical and man-made environment. The overexploitation of aquifers, driven by increased water demands due to industrial and agricultural production, urbanization, and climate change, has also been a major cause of land subsidence. Monitoring and studying land subsidence using remote sensing data, such as Sentinel-1 and SAR observations, can help identify and track locations at risk of subsidence hazards for urban planning and development.
How does subsidence affect water quality?3 answersSubsidence caused by coal mining affects water quality in the subsidence water areas. A numerical model was established to predict the water quality evolution in these areas. The model showed that pollutants in subsidence water areas would steadily reduce over time, indicating an improvement in water quality. The water body of subsided water areas in Huainan Coal Mine is considered as an improvable water resource. Additionally, a program for water quality monitoring information management in mining subsidence areas was developed, which can provide decision support for the reasonable use of water resources and environmental protection.
How does subsidence from groundwater exploitation increase landslide occurrence?4 answersSubsidence from groundwater exploitation can increase landslide occurrence through various mechanisms. The drawdown of groundwater level is found to be the main causative predictor of land subsidence occurrence, leading to a decrease in the safety factor and an increase in the failure probability of landslides. Groundwater-induced landslides are also influenced by factors such as lithology, distance from streams, and altitude. In addition, the distribution of cracks on the hillslope and the water saturation degree of the soil layer play a role in landslide occurrence. Liquefaction in the hillslope toe, caused by groundwater-induced liquefaction, is an important landslide process. Fluidization in the down-hillslope and the soil of the bottom layers, as well as high water content in the area around the groundwater input pipe, can contribute to retrogressive sliding and sag in the upper soil layer, respectively. Overall, the exploitation of groundwater can weaken the stability of slopes and increase the likelihood of landslides.
What are the mechanisms by which land subsidence may lead to landslides?5 answersLand subsidence can lead to landslides through various mechanisms. One mechanism is the decrease in support to the landslide toe area, which can reactivate older landslide deposits ^[Iannacchione, Ackman]. This occurs when longwall mining causes gradual subsidence, resulting in a decrease in support and stability of the land above ^[Iannacchione, Ackman]. Another mechanism is the presence of weak zones or weak geological structures beneath the surface, which can cause liquefaction and soil subsidence ^[Fauzan, et al.]. In some cases, the combination of high rainfall and steep topography can also contribute to landslides in areas prone to subsidence ^[Fauzan, et al.]. These mechanisms highlight the importance of understanding the geological conditions and the effects of mining activities on the stability of the land, in order to minimize the potential for landslides in subsiding areas.