What are the long term effects?4 answersLong-term effects can be observed in various contexts. Cancer survivors may experience reduced quality of life and psychological issues such as anxiety and depression. COVID-19 patients may develop long-term symptoms including fatigue, headache, attention disorder, hair loss, and dyspnea. The intention to forget can lead to temporary retrieval difficulties and long-term effects on memory accessibility. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in cancer patients can result in peripheral neuropathy with sensory loss, paresthesia, dysesthesia, numbness, and neuropathic pain, which may persist for several years after treatment. Bullying can have long-term effects on physical and mental health, as well as on the ability to form lasting relationships, integrate into work, and achieve economic independence.
What are the long-term effects a treatment with doxycycline?5 answersLong-term treatment with doxycycline has been found to have various effects. In a study by Eljaaly et al., it was observed that long-term use of oral doxycycline can lead to gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events, including esophagitis, particularly in older age and with a higher dose of 200 mg/day. Another study by Aniagyei et al. showed that doxycycline treatment in individuals with Mansonella perstans infection resulted in long-term immune modulatory effects, including decreased T-cell activation and impaired immune response against concomitant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. However, in a study by Fowlkes et al., it was found that long-term doxycycline exposure did not have deleterious effects on the microarchitecture or biomechanical properties of healthy bones in mice. Additionally, in a study by Spaulding et al., short-term treatment with doxycycline was associated with a sustained improvement in ex-vivo contractility and an increase in wall thickness in the border zone of the heart after myocardial infarction.
What are the long-term effects of alcohol consumption?4 answersAlcohol consumption has various long-term effects. Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to metabolic derangement, interfering with energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis. It can also cause organ damage and health anomalies, such as necrotic tissue damage, vascular dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Additionally, alcohol consumption has been identified as a risk factor for developing multiple forms of dementia. Long-term alcohol consumption patterns, however, do not appear to predict cognitive decline or fluctuations in working memory performance. Furthermore, long-term alcohol consumption can lead to changes in synaptic activity in the basolateral amygdala, potentially contributing to compulsive drinking and relapse in individuals with alcohol use disorders. Overall, the long-term effects of alcohol consumption encompass a range of physiological, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes.
What are the long-term effects of weight loss?5 answersWeight loss has long-term effects on biomarkers of angiogenesis, specifically VEGF and PEDF, in postmenopausal overweight/obese women. Participants who maintained weight loss through diet and/or exercise had significant reductions in VEGF levels at 30 months compared to those who gained weight or had no weight change. These reductions in VEGF were observed in participants randomized to diet, exercise, and diet + exercise arms, indicating the effectiveness of these interventions in achieving sustained weight loss. However, there were no statistically significant changes in PEDF levels in any intervention arm. These findings suggest that maintaining weight loss through diet and/or exercise can lead to long-term reductions in angiogenic factors, which may have implications for cancer prevention and treatment.
What are the risks and benefits of a tonsillectomy?5 answersTonsillectomy is a common surgical procedure in otorhinolaryngology. Performing the procedure under local anesthesia offers benefits such as reduced cost and duration of surgery. The incidence of postoperative bleeding is not dependent on the type of anesthesia used. However, there is a risk of postoperative bleeding with all surgical methods, with the least chance of hemorrhage after cold dissection with ligature or suturing. Postoperative pain management is a concern, as it can increase the risk of secondary post-tonsillectomy bleeding. Tonsillectomy under local anesthesia has been found to have better outcomes in terms of operation time, blood loss, complications, cost effectiveness, bed occupancy, patient turnover rate, and patient satisfaction compared to general anesthesia. The decision to perform a tonsillectomy is based on a balance of benefits and risks, and the indications and effectiveness of the procedure have been called into question.
What are long term side effect for tonsillectomy?5 answersTonsillectomy is a common pediatric surgery with potential long-term side effects. One study found that intracapsular partial tonsillectomy using CO2-laser technique had positive long-term effects after six years, with stable improvements in snoring and apneas, and high patient satisfaction rates. Another study reported that transient post-tonsillectomy taste dysgeusia (PTD) is a common complaint, but long-lasting PTD is less frequent. However, a case study suggested that oral intake of zinc sulfate may help in the recovery of long-lasting PTD. Infection is a rare but emergent complication of tonsillectomy, with a reported case of septic arthritis occurring in the ankle three days after the procedure. Overall, tonsillectomy has been shown to have positive long-term effects on sleep-related breathing distress and obstructive sleep apnea, with some side effects such as choking and globus sensation reported.