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What are the markers for normal stem cells and cancer stem cell?

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Stem cell marker

Tumor microenvironment

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Normal stem cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are characterized by specific markers that help in their identification. For normal stem cells, markers such as CD49f, CD24, and LGR5 are commonly used to define their phenotype . On the other hand, CSCs are identified by markers like CD44, CD133, and CXCR4, which play crucial roles in distinguishing them from other tumor cells and influencing key aspects of CSC biology . Additionally, CSCs exhibit plasticity and can interact with their microenvironments, leading to changes in their functional phenotype and metabolic adaptations in response to treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy . The expression levels of these markers can vary depending on the tissue or organ, highlighting the importance of understanding the significance of CSCs for advancing cancer research and developing novel therapeutic strategies .

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Open access•Journal Article•DOI Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Relation to Patient Survival Outcomes: Lessons for Integrative Diagnostics and Next-Generation Anticancer Drug Development. Kevin Dzobo, Kevin Dzobo, Chelene Ganz, Chelene Ganz, Nicholas Ekow Thomford, Nicholas Ekow Thomford, Dimakatso Alice Senthebane, Dimakatso Alice Senthebane - Show less +7 more 10 Feb 2021-Omics A Journal of Integrative Biology 16 Citations	Markers for cancer stem cells include ABCB1, ABCG2, ALDH1A1, CD24, CD44, CD90, CD133, CXCR4, EPCAM, ICAM1, and NES, while normal stem cell markers were not specified in the paper.
Open access•Book Chapter•DOI Does Inter-Individual Heterogeneity in the Normal Breast Corrupt Cancer Stem Cell and/or Cancer-Specific Signaling Characterization? إيمان سفيان محمد خليل 01 Sep 2022	Markers for normal stem cells and cancer stem cells in the breast are identified through cell surface markers, which define stem-progenitor-mature cell hierarchy and tumor initiating capacity, aiding in characterization.
Book Chapter•DOI Identification of Cancer Stem Cells by Different Molecular Markers 01 Jan 2023	Markers for normal stem cells include specific antigens, while cancer stem cells are identified by cell surface markers specific to stem cells, with variable expression patterns depending on tissues and organs.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Biomarkers of Cancer Stem Cells for Experimental Research and Clinical Application Shigeo Saito, Chia-Chen Ku, Kenly Wuputra, Jia-Bin Pan, Chang-Shen Lin, Ying Chu Lin, Deng-Chyang Wu, Kazunari K. Yokoyama - Show less +7 more 29 Apr 2022-Journal of Personalized Medicine 3 Citations	Markers for normal stem cells include LGR5, while cancer stem cells exhibit markers like CD133, CD44, and EpCAM. However, CD133 is not exclusive to CSCs.

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Cancer markers for gene expression in molecular studies5 answersGene expression studies in cancer research have identified potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. These biomarkers can be used to assess cancer risk, detect cancer early, predict response to therapy, and monitor treatment response. Molecular cancer biomarkers include genetic variants, epigenetic signatures, transcriptional changes, and proteomic signatures. Advances in detection technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and nanotechnology, have improved the identification of these biomarkers. In particular, gene expression analysis has been used to identify marker genes associated with specific immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment. These marker genes can be used to measure the abundance of immune cell populations in tumor samples, providing valuable information for immune oncology research and personalized immunotherapy. Additionally, gene expression profiling has been used to identify genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of specific types of cancer, such as papillary thyroid carcinoma. These studies have led to the discovery of potential novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

What are the different stem cell markers used in immunohistochemistry?5 answersCancer stem cell (CSC) markers used in immunohistochemistry include CD44, EpCAM, NANOG, CD133, cytokeratin 14 (KRT14), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44). These markers are used to identify and characterize CSCs in various types of cancer, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), endometrial carcinoma, urinary bladder carcinogens, and breast cancer. CD44 and EpCAM are commonly used markers for CSCs in PDAC. NANOG and CD133 are markers used in endometrial carcinoma. KRT14, ALDH1A1, and CD44 are markers used in urinary bladder carcinogens. CD44, CD24, CD133, and ESA/EPCAM are markers used in breast cancer. CD133 and CD44 are markers used in colorectal carcinoma. These markers play a crucial role in understanding the biology and behavior of CSCs in different types of cancer.

What are the most common stem cell markers?5 answersThe most common stem cell markers include CD133, CD44, ALDH, CD34, CD24, EpCAM, CD90, CD29, CD105, CD13, CD166, CD10, CD49e, CD59, CD31, CD45, CD14, CD11b, CD19, CD56, CD146, HLA-ABC, HLA-DR, SH2, SH3, STRO-1, VEGF2, vWF, ABCG2, SSEA-1 (CD15), PDGFR, alpha-SMA, c-Kit (CD117), OCT4+, and CCR5X (CD195). These markers are used for the identification and characterization of different types of stem cells, including cancer stem cells (CSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The expression pattern of these markers may vary depending on the type and location of the cells. The identification of specific markers is important for the isolation and study of stem cells, as well as for the development of prognostic assays and therapeutic approaches.

Cancer stem cells and anti cancere4 answersCancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in tumor progression, recurrence, and resistance to standard anti-tumor therapies. Targeting CSCs is essential for improving the efficacy of cancer treatments. Multiple cell surface and enzymatic markers have been identified to detect CSCs, which are important for diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis. CSCs can create an immunosuppressive environment by suppressing immune cell activity and recruiting cells that support tumor escape from the immune response. Novel therapeutic approaches, such as immune checkpoint blockades and telomere targeted therapy, show promise in targeting CSCs and overcoming resistance. Additionally, understanding CSC properties, including their markers, role in tumor growth and metastasis, and interaction with the microenvironment, is crucial for developing CSC-targeted strategies, including targeted drug delivery systems. Overall, targeting CSCs holds potential for personalized cancer therapy and improving patient outcomes.

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Do tumoroids enriched in normal cells exist?5 answersTumoroids enriched in normal cells do exist. These tumoroids are created from normal organoids generated from patients without cancer. The normal organoids do not acquire genetic aberrations or mutations over time. They can be differentiated to resemble the normal urothelial microanatomy. In contrast, tumoroids are created from tumor tissue and contain cells from patient tumor samples. Tumoroids can be genetically engineered and used for basic research, identification of new targets, and preclinical validation of anti-cancer compounds. The tumoroids can also be used to study tumor heterogeneity and predict drug responses in personalized treatment settings. Therefore, while tumoroids are derived from tumor tissue, normal organoids can be used as a control or comparison in tumoroid studies.

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