Why electrochemical deposition is the preferred method for deposition of electrocatalyst for HER and OER applications?5 answersElectrochemical deposition is favored for electrocatalyst deposition in HER and OER applications due to its ability to precisely control thickness, composition, and uniformity, enhancing catalytic activity. This method enables the formation of self-supported oxide electrodes with controllable crystallinity, leading to improved OER activity. Additionally, electrochemical deposition allows for the synthesis of highly stable and active catalysts like NiFe layered double hydroxide, exhibiting lower overpotential and higher current density for OER. Furthermore, it facilitates the creation of single-atom catalysts on various supports, showcasing high activities for both HER and OER, making it a universal approach for SAC fabrication. Overall, electrochemical deposition offers precise control, stability, and versatility, making it a preferred method for electrocatalyst deposition in HER and OER applications.
Is the electrochemical active surface area the surface area of the catalyst exposed to the electrolyte?4 answersThe electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) is a critical parameter in electrocatalysis, and it refers to the surface area of the catalyst that is exposed to the electrolyte. Several papers in the provided abstracts discuss methods for determining the ECSA of different catalysts. Lončar et al. investigated the applicability of a method based on impedance measurements for determining the ECSA of Ir-based electrocatalysts. Li et al. used an optical weak measurement method to measure the reaction surface area (RSA) that participates in the electrochemical reaction and compared it with the total surface area (TSA) obtained by the BET measurement and the active surface area (ASA) obtained by the EDLC method. Jeon et al. proposed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to estimate the ECSA of NiFe layered double hydroxide catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. Duran et al. investigated mercury underpotential deposition (HgUPD) as a method to estimate ECSA for iridium and iridium-molybdenum electrocatalysts. Jiménez-García et al. used molecular dynamics simulations to propose a method for calculating the ECSA of supported nanoparticles.
What are the materials used in supercapacitor recently?4 answersRecent research on supercapacitors has focused on using various materials to enhance their efficiency and performance. Carbon-based materials, including naturally obtained and synthesized carbon materials, have been widely used as electrode materials for storage and supercapacitor applications. Metal oxide materials, such as Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs), MXenes, Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs), and Black Phosphorus (BP), have also been explored for high-performance supercapacitors. Conductive polymers, such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, and polythiophene, have unique advantages and high potential in supercapacitors. Additionally, carbonaceous materials, including active carbons, have been extensively used as electrode materials due to their good stability and conductivity. Surface modification and doping of carbonaceous materials have been shown to optimize their electrochemical performance and introduce extra pseudocapacitance. Furthermore, the use of metal oxides in nanocomposites has been found to improve their electrochemical performance and stability. Overall, these materials offer a range of options for enhancing the performance of supercapacitors.
What are some of the catalysts used in the electrochemical reduction of CO2?5 answersPorphyrin catalysts, including iron porphyrins, have been extensively studied for the electrochemical reduction of CO2. Dual-site metal catalysts (DSMCs) have also received attention for their excellent catalytic performance in CO2 reduction. Transition metal and α-In2Se3 monolayer catalysts, such as Co@In2Se3, have shown promise for efficient CO2 reduction. Heterohelicenes, which are metal-free catalysts, have been reported as effective catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Alloy catalysts, including binary and multi-metallic alloys, have also been explored for CO2 reduction.
What are the best electrocatalyst materials for seawater splittng?5 answersThe best electrocatalyst materials for seawater splitting are high entropy metal oxide @ graphene oxide ([email protected]), nanorod array-based hierarchical NiO microspheres (NRAHM-NiO), Co/Co9S8 with hollow spherical structure, and Co3S4/Co3O4 hybrid nanostructures. These materials have demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic activity for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in seawater. The [email protected] electrocatalyst showed a low overpotential for HER and OER in seawater, while NRAHM-NiO exhibited outstanding catalytic activity with high selectivity and corrosion resistance. Co/Co9S8 with hollow spherical structure showed remarkable catalytic performance for HER due to its hollow structure. Co3S4/Co3O4 hybrid nanostructures demonstrated excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity for OER and HER in alkaline simulated seawater. These materials offer promising opportunities for the development of active dual-functional catalysts for direct seawater splitting applications.
What are the perspective materials for alkaline electrolysers?5 answersPoly(arylene piperidinium) polymers, specifically those with hydrophilic crown ether units, have shown promise as materials for alkaline electrolysers. Nickel-alloy electrodes, particularly those with a higher concentration of Co, have also demonstrated good performance in alkaline electrolysers. Additionally, 3D graphene-like materials with high mesopore ratios have been synthesized and found to be effective supports for Pt-based electrocatalysts in alkaline hydrogen evolution. These materials show potential for use in alkaline electrolysers due to their high hydroxide conductivity, stability, and catalytic characteristics. However, it is important to consider the supply constraints of critical materials such as platinum, iridium, scandium, and yttrium, which may impact the scale-up of electrolysis capacity. Overall, the perspective materials for alkaline electrolysers include poly(arylene piperidinium) polymers with hydrophilic crown ether units, nickel-alloy electrodes, and 3D graphene-like materials with high mesopore ratios.