What are the current regulations governing maritime oil liability in the case of pollution incidents?5 answersThe current regulations governing maritime oil liability in pollution incidents encompass a combination of international conventions and national laws. International legal norms such as the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution (1969), the International Convention on the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1973), and the International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Dangerous and Harmful Substances by Sea (1996) play a crucial role in defining shipowners' responsibilities for pollution damages. Additionally, national legislations like Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management in Indonesia outline legal liabilities for marine pollution incidents caused by entities like PT Pertamina. These regulations establish frameworks for administrative, civil, and criminal liabilities, ensuring accountability for environmental harm caused by oil spills and other pollutants.
What are the Impact of Fishing Restriction on Community Livelihoods and Cultural Practices ?5 answersFishing restrictions have significant impacts on community livelihoods and cultural practices. The restrictions imposed to protect biodiversity in areas like the Sundarbans and the Gulf of Ulloa have led to reduced incomes, unsustainable fishing practices, and changes in livelihood strategies. In regions like Lamongan, Indonesia, where the use of specific fishing gear was prohibited, fishermen experienced negative economic consequences such as reduced catches and lower incomes, forcing some to switch livelihoods. Additionally, in areas like Prigi Bay, policy priorities play a crucial role in sustaining fishers' livelihoods, with local culture impacting sustainability through practices like refraining from fishing on Fridays. These findings emphasize the intricate relationship between fishing restrictions, community livelihoods, and cultural traditions, highlighting the need for balanced policies that consider both conservation goals and socio-economic well-being.
What are the challenges faced by local marine tourism operators in terms of competition, regulation, and environmental concerns?5 answersLocal marine tourism operators face several challenges in terms of competition, regulation, and environmental concerns. In terms of competition, operators in Dalegan community face financial and creativity issues, requiring collaboration between financial service agents, educational institutions, government bodies, and the local community. Sri Lanka's maritime tourism industry also faces irregular problems, impacting maritime security and the ecosystem. China's cruise industry, although experiencing fast development, lacks a clear legal framework for environmental protection, posing challenges for sustainable growth. Additionally, coastal destinations attract new residents and tourists, leading to environmental degradation, loss of identity, and social space sharing issues for local communities. In Karimunjawa Island, Indonesia, ecological problems such as plastic waste and damaged coral reefs result from tourism activities, with low local awareness of environmental conservation.
What are the constraints of tourism??5 answersThe constraints of tourism include institutional factors such as government regulation, financial constraints, corruption, legal and administrative barriers, and inadequate infrastructure. Community participation in sustainable tourism is hindered by operational constraints like lack of access to information and decision-making structures, as well as structural constraints such as lack of planning experts and suitable policies. Inbound business tourism in Pakistan faces constraints at the state, government, industrial, and individual levels. People with special needs encounter various constraints in travel, which differ based on the type of disability or special need. Cultural and communication barriers also pose constraints to international tourism, highlighting the need for improved cultural and communication competency in tourist destinations.
What are restrictions?5 answersRestrictions refer to measures or actions taken to limit or control certain activities or movements. These restrictions can vary in their nature and scope depending on the context. For example, in the context of COVID-19, restrictions on movement have been implemented to impede the transmission of the virus, including border closures, limitations on entering Indigenous communities, and closure of ports and quarantine of cruise ships. In the context of data transmission, restrictions can be placed on the insertion and transmission of tagged data, with prevention of insertion and restriction to secure services. In the context of alcohol marketing, attempts to restrict marketing have been partial, with concerns over the expanding role of digital marketing and the need for more comprehensive evaluation. In the context of mathematical functions, restrictions can refer to the limitation of a function to a specific subset, resulting in different properties or behaviors. In the context of a locking system, a restricting device is used to limit the movement of a locking bolt, preventing it from being received in a passage.
Enforcing sustainable tourism guidelines can be a challenge in destinations with limited resources?3 answersEnforcing sustainable tourism guidelines can be a challenge in destinations with limited resources. The lack of planned development activities, inadequate infrastructure, and meager institutional capacity are identified as key challenges in implementing sustainable tourism practices. Limited resources can hinder the ability to meet technical and operational requirements, resulting in incomplete accreditation processes and non-compliance with sustainability standards. Additionally, the highly inequitable distribution of benefits and the energy-intensive nature of tourism activities further complicate sustainability efforts in destinations with limited resources. Overcoming these challenges requires a holistic approach, including the formulation of a comprehensive tourism master plan, the development of self-sustaining revenue models, and the sincere application of sustainable tourism practices. By addressing these challenges, destinations with limited resources can enhance their capacity to implement and enforce sustainable tourism guidelines.