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What are the most effective methods for tracking salmon outmigration in a telemetry study? 


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In a telemetry study tracking salmon outmigration, the most effective methods include combining spatial and temporal detections from multiple tracking techniques, such as acoustic tag technology and machine learning approaches. These methods help classify smolt fate accurately, reducing the impact of predation bias . Utilizing tag sensor data in supervised random forest models enhances predation estimates, while unsupervised k-means clustering can also aid in fate classification. Additionally, incorporating fine-scale behavior studies can reveal vulnerabilities to predators, with avian predation being a significant cause of mortality during the initial riverine transitional phase . Understanding tagging-induced mortality is crucial for interpreting migration success and guiding management actions to address population declines .

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Combining passive and active tracking techniques provides new insights into salmonid smolt migration, enabling inferences on mortality locations, causes, and rates, enhancing telemetry study effectiveness.
Combining passive acoustic telemetry with active acoustic tracking by transects provides new insights into salmonid smolt riverine migration, enabling inferences about mortality locations, causes, and rates effectively.
The most effective methods for tracking salmon outmigration in telemetry studies are supervised random forest models and combining tag sensor data with machine learning approaches for accurate fate classification.
Combining passive and active tracking techniques provides new insights into salmonid smolt migration, revealing vulnerability to avian predation (42%) and importance of accounting for tagging-induced mortality.

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