How can objective measures be incorporated into the results-process-context framework to minimize subjectivity in performance assessment?5 answersObjective measures can be integrated into the results-process-context framework to reduce subjectivity in performance evaluation. By utilizing tools like performance meters and video analysis, objective assessments can provide a more accurate reflection of an individual's capabilities. These measures offer a quantitative basis for evaluating performance, complementing subjective assessments. Incorporating objective metrics can enhance risk sharing, improve task allocation, and lead to better HR decisions. Despite efforts to mitigate bias, residual biases like asymmetric rating adjustments and centrality bias may still exist, highlighting the importance of calibration processes in minimizing subjectivity. Overall, integrating objective measures within the framework can enhance the validity and reliability of performance assessments while reducing the influence of subjective biases.
What are the relationship of subjective socioeconomic status and objective socioeconomic status?5 answersSubjective socioeconomic status (SSS) and objective socioeconomic status (SES) have been studied in relation to various health outcomes. One study found fair agreement between the MacArthur ladder (a measure of SSS) and the WAMI (an objective measure of SES) in a tuberculosis patient population. Another study suggested that subjective indices of SES, such as pictorial rank-related social ladders, can contribute to the understanding of the SES-psychological well-being link. Additionally, SSS was found to be related to self-rated health (SRH) in a sample of adults with intellectual disability. However, the influence of socioeconomic conditions at different stages of the life course on objective and subjective memory measures in older adults varied. Lastly, objective and subjective socioeconomic factors were found to have direct and indirect contributions to a range of health and lifestyle outcomes in adolescents.
Is morality subjective or objective?4 answersMorality is a complex topic with differing views on its subjectivity or objectivity. Some argue for subjectivism, which suggests that moral judgments are grounded in subjective circumstances such as beliefs or evidence. Others propose objectivism, which holds that moral judgments are grounded in objective circumstances, excluding subjective factors. There is also a third view called ecumenism, which suggests that both subjective and objective circumstances contribute to the moral status of actions. Additionally, the concept of moral objectivity is explored, with arguments pointing towards it being anti-realist and mind-dependent. On the other hand, the relationship between moral judgments and the stability of social groups is emphasized, suggesting that moral obligations are grounded in this relationship. Overall, the question of whether morality is subjective or objective remains a topic of debate, with various perspectives and arguments to consider.
What are the differences between the objective and subjective experiences of a disease?5 answersThe objective experience of a disease refers to the biomedical dimension, which is connected to diagnoses and the presence or absence of disease. On the other hand, the subjective experience of a disease relates to an individual's personal experience of health and their perception of their own well-being. The subjective experience takes into account factors such as symptoms, emotions, and overall well-being. It is influenced by sociocultural factors, individual beliefs, and the patient's psychology. The subjective experience can impact the patient's overall well-being and can be improved through patient-centered care, good communication, and culturally sensitive approaches. The boundary between the objective and subjective experiences of a disease is blurred, as health and disease can be influenced by individual and social representations, culture, and the degree of medicalization in society. Overall, the objective and subjective experiences of a disease are interconnected and both contribute to the overall understanding and management of a patient's health.
Are there any studies that show that accounting is not objective?5 answersAccounting is widely recognized as not being objective. Interpretive accounting research (IAR) rejects the notion of accounting as a neutral, technical profession and instead views it as subjective and socially-constructed. The paper by Enachi and Andone discusses the relativity of values in accounting and the transition from instrumentalism to realism, highlighting the limits of accounting in capturing the truth and the importance of professional judgments in increasing reliability. McKernan argues that accounting has no philosophical presuppositions and that the difference between objective and politically distorted accounts lies in the practices carried out in their name. These studies provide evidence that accounting is not objective and is influenced by subjective factors, organizational practices, and professional judgments.
Are objective measures better than subjective measures in health behaviors?5 answersSubjective measures of health are still valuable in predicting long-term care (LTC) use, even when objective measures are included. Self-rated health indicators correlate with formal care consumption, indicating that individuals' perception of their health plays a significant role in their use of formal care services. However, subjective measures do not have the same correlation with informal care. This suggests that formal care is more sensitive to individuals' perception of their health compared to informal care.
In health psychology, both subjective and objective measures are used to assess psychological processes and health outcomes. Self-report measures are frequently used to assess symptoms and health behaviors, but they may not always capture the full range or context of the target construct. Objective measures, such as physiological functioning, are commonly used as well. The choice between subjective and objective measures depends on the specific research question and the level of measurement required.
The effect of a health shock on subjective survival probability is compared to objective survival probability and self-reported health measures. After a cancer diagnosis, both objective and subjective longevity and self-reported health measures return to pre-diagnosis trajectories. For stroke and heart attack, subjective life expectations and self-reported health measures indicate only a transient effect of the health shock, despite their persistent negative effect on survival. The differences between objective and subjective measures align with the concept of adaptation.
The measurement of emotions and emotional states can be done using subjective or objective measures. Subjective measures, such as self-report, focus on the conscious recognition of one's own emotions. Objective measures allow for the quantification and assessment of both conscious and unconscious emotional processes. The choice between subjective and objective measures depends on the specific research objective and the level of measurement required.
While self-reported health measures have been widely used to understand the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of individual health, the availability of measured health data has led to the substitution of self-reported health with objective measures. However, it is crucial to consider that self-reported health and measured health outcomes may not be the same. The assumption that these two measures of health are equivalent may not hold, and caution should be exercised when switching between self-reported and measured health in empirical studies.