How effective are current biomarkers in diagnosing and predicting lung adenocarcinoma?5 answersCurrent biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) show promising results. Studies have identified DNA methylation changes as potential biomarkers for LUAD. Functional genomics, specifically RNA-Seq, has been utilized to uncover gene expression changes in different types of lung cancers, aiding in biomarker discovery. Additionally, untargeted metabolomics has been employed to develop metabolite classifiers in serum and plasma, showing potential as biomarkers for diagnosing LUAD. Furthermore, a genomic instability-related lncRNA signature has been identified in LUAD, suggesting the involvement of specific lncRNAs in LUAD progression and prognosis, highlighting a potential target for clinical therapy. These findings collectively indicate that current biomarkers, including DNA methylation changes, gene expression patterns, metabolite classifiers, and lncRNA signatures, hold promise in diagnosing and predicting LUAD.
How many Sensitivity and specificity of ctDNA biomarkers for lung cancer?5 answersThe sensitivity and specificity of ctDNA biomarkers for lung cancer vary based on different strategies and stages of the disease. In general, the specificity of ctDNA MRD in predicting recurrence is high (0.86–0.95) with moderate sensitivity (0.41–0.76) whether using a landmark strategy or surveillance strategy. Additionally, baseline negative ctDNA levels and early reduction in ctDNA after treatment are associated with improved progression-free survival in patients with advanced NSCLC. Moreover, ctDNA analysis in pre-treatment patients showed a sensitivity of 58.4% and a precision of 61.5% compared to tissue sequencing, indicating its potential as a prognostic biomarker in lung cancer treatment. These findings highlight the potential of ctDNA as a valuable tool for predicting relapse and guiding treatment decisions in lung cancer patients.
Has there been any lung tissue proteomics studies in humans?5 answersYes, there have been several lung tissue proteomics studies conducted in humans. One study characterized the cellular landscape and proteomic information of healthy and diseased lungs using spatially-resolved proteomics. Another study analyzed the temporal dynamic of protein expression during human lung development, providing a comprehensive view of the developing human lung proteome. Additionally, a study explored the proteomic profiling of the soluble proteins present in the lung alveolar lining fluid (ALF) in older adults, identifying molecular fingerprints and pathways that characterize the alveolar space in old age. Furthermore, a study investigated the regional proteomics of atelectatic versus normally-aerated lung tissue, revealing proteomic signatures associated with atelectasis and lung injury. Lastly, a study conducted a detailed proteomic analysis of different subtypes of lung cancer, identifying dysregulated proteins and pathways that could contribute to a more precise classification and improved diagnostic panels for lung cancer.
What are the most promising cancer biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of various types of cancer?5 answersThe most promising cancer biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of various types of cancer include blood DNA methylation and cancer protein markers. Mucins, such as CA125 and MUC5AC, have also shown potential as biomarkers for the early detection of ovarian and pancreatic cancers. Aberrant metabolites detected through metabolomics techniques have been identified as cancer-specific biomarkers with great promise for noninvasive cancer detection. Thermographic imaging biomarkers, known as thermomics, have been used to detect vasodilation and thermal heterogeneity in breast tissue, aiding in the early detection of breast cancer. Additionally, circulating biomarkers such as microRNA, exosomes, ctDNA, CTCs, and proteins detected through liquid biopsy have shown promise for early cancer diagnosis. These biomarkers offer potential advancements in molecular understanding, precise diagnosis, and timely follow-up care for various types of cancer.
What are the biomarkers for early detection of alzheimer disease?4 answersBiomarkers for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, Tau protein (Tau), total tau, phospho-tau, and Abeta42. These biomarkers can be found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and reflect molecular events in the brain. In addition to these, autoantibodies in the blood have also shown potential as biomarkers for AD-related pathology. A panel of eight autoantibodies, along with age as a covariate, has been found to accurately predict the presence of AD-related pathology with high accuracy. Sleep disruption, depression, and motor function have also been implicated as risk factors for AD, and screening for these factors can aid in early detection. Nurses should consider screening for these biomarkers and risk factors in order to facilitate early detection and diagnosis of AD.
What are the common biomarkers of lung cancer and liver cancer?5 answersThe common biomarkers of lung cancer and liver cancer include polyamine substances, tumor-associated antigens, autoantibodies, exosomal proteins, calreticulin, calreticulin precursor, and protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 (PDIA3). These biomarkers can be detected in plasma, serum, or blood samples and can provide real-time information for early detection, prognosis prediction, and treatment response monitoring of lung and liver cancer. Additionally, microRNAs have emerged as biomarkers for lung cancer, with their detection in resected tumor samples, fine needle aspirate samples, sputum, plasma, serum, or whole blood showing promise for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. These biomarkers have the potential to improve the understanding and management of lung and liver cancer, leading to better outcomes for patients.