What suppresses gene expression of estrogen receptor in breast cancer?4 answersEstrogen receptor (ER) gene expression is suppressed in breast cancer by multiple factors. One study found that disruption of ERα signaling led to the recruitment of polycomb repressors and histone deacetylases, resulting in stable repression of the progesterone receptor (PR) gene, a known ERα target. Another study showed that CD73 expression, which is regulated by estrogen signaling, was significantly lower in ER(+) breast cancers compared to ER(-) tumors. Additionally, mutations in ER were found to impact the expression of thousands of genes, including those not typically regulated by wildtype ER, suggesting post-transcriptional effects. Furthermore, PARP-1 was found to regulate estrogen-dependent transcription in ERα-positive breast cancers, influencing the expression of estrogen-regulated genes. Finally, loss of expression of the Checkpoint with FHA and Ring Finger (CHFR) gene, potentially due to promoter hypermethylation, was associated with decreased CHFR protein expression and increased tumor size in breast cancer.
Does TGFB contribute to the development of triple-negative breast cancer?5 answersTGFB contributes to the development of triple-negative breast cancer. TGFB1 is a multi-functional cytokine that regulates mammary gland development and cancer progression. Increased expression of TGFB1 is associated with an increased breast cancer risk. TGFB-β signaling plays an important role during metastasis of breast cancer, and it is involved in the regulation of breast cancer stem cells. Rab1B, a member of the RAS oncogene family, acts as a metastasis suppressor in triple-negative breast cancer through regulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Deregulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway is commonly seen in cancer, including breast cancer.
What are the potential roles of lncRNAs and miRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer?5 answersLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have potential roles in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). LncRNAs have been identified as drivers of TNBC progression and can be targeted using RNA therapeutics to reduce systemic toxicities. LncRNAs also interact with miRNAs, modulating their action and potentially impacting tumor resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Abnormal expression of lncRNAs affects the tumor immune microenvironment in breast cancer, suggesting their potential as targets for immunotherapy. Additionally, lncRNAs MACC1-AS1 and UCA1 have been found to interact with multiple miRNAs, mediating the expression of different genes and affecting cancer cell growth. These findings highlight the importance of lncRNAs and miRNAs in TNBC, both as potential therapeutic targets and as regulators of gene expression and tumor behavior.
What is the role of Wnt signaling in cancer stem cells in triple-negative breast cancer?5 answersWnt signaling plays a crucial role in cancer stem cells (CSCs) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway contributes to the self-renewal, metastasis, and resistance to therapy in TNBC. Studies have shown that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in the regulation of CSCs in TNBC, which are responsible for cancer initiation, therapy resistance, and disease progression. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway interacts with other signaling pathways, such as receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, NF-κB pathway, and cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, to promote CSC proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, in combination with standard therapies, has the potential to improve the prognosis of TNBC patients by inhibiting CSC function and reducing tumor growth and metastasis.
What is the role of Wnt signaling in triple-negative breast cancer?5 answersAberrant Wnt signaling plays a crucial role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). It is responsible for self-renewal, metastasis, resistance to apoptosis and chemotherapy, and induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. Dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway promotes TNBC by regulating the expression of downstream target genes involved in proliferation, stemness, and metastasis. In addition to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, other Wnt signaling pathways, such as Wnt-planar cell polarity (PCP) and Wnt-Ca2+ signaling, also contribute to the progression of TNBC. The dysregulation of these pathways leads to the activation of β-catenin and downstream target genes, promoting invasion, neovascularization, and aggressiveness of TNBC tumors. Understanding the role of Wnt signaling in TNBC is crucial for the development of targeted therapies that can inhibit the pathway and overcome resistance to current treatments.
Show papers on TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER?5 answersTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that lacks hormone receptors and HER2 gene amplification. It represents about 15-20% of all breast cancers and is known for its aggressive nature and poor prognosis compared to other forms of breast cancer. TNBC can be accurately diagnosed using mammography, ultrasound, and MRI, with MRI being the most sensitive modality. Recent advancements in the management of metastatic TNBC include the incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy and the development of novel antibody-drug conjugates with new targets. Understanding the tumor-immune microenvironment and molecular vulnerabilities in TNBC has led to significant strides in treatment options. Radiation therapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of TNBC, with postoperative radiation therapy recommended for most patients and specific indications based on tumor characteristics. Future studies should evaluate the indications of radiation therapy in the context of novel systemic treatments.