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What factors contribute to proteome heterogeneity within tumors? 


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Proteome heterogeneity within tumors is influenced by various factors. Tumor heterogeneity can arise from differences in gene and protein expression within the same tumor site, between different anatomical sites, and between primary and metastatic sites . Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) plays a crucial role in biomarker discovery and therapeutic outcomes, affecting prognostic and diagnostic accuracy . The tumor microenvironment, comprising tumor and non-tumor cellular populations, contributes significantly to molecular heterogeneity, impacting patient prognosis . Additionally, spatial proteomic analysis reveals marked internal heterogeneity within tumors, even in regions with homogeneous receptor expression, affecting cancer cell function and therapeutic targets . Understanding these factors is essential for unraveling the complexity of cancer biology and improving treatment strategies.

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Tumour proteome heterogeneity is influenced by the complex interplay of tumour and non-tumour cellular populations, emphasizing the significance of cellular diversity within the tumour microenvironment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lay Cheng Lim, Yang Mooi Lim 
01 Feb 2018-Proteomics
11 Citations
Proteome heterogeneity within tumors is influenced by dynamic changes in gene and protein expression, different tumor subtypes, and variations between primary and metastatic sites.
Proteome heterogeneity within tumors can arise from clonal evolution, microenvironmental influences, and differential protein expression or turnover, impacting biomarker discovery and diagnostics.
Factors contributing to proteome heterogeneity within tumors include sampling site accuracy, tissue sample quality, and transfer time to the proteomic laboratory, as shown in the study on adrenocortical tumors.

Related Questions

Cancer heterogeneity driven by clonal expansion4 answersCancer heterogeneity is indeed driven by clonal expansion, as evidenced by various studies. The process of tumorigenesis involves genetic and epigenetic diversification, followed by clonal selection and expansion, leading to intratumoral heterogeneity. This genetic diversity results in different biological entities, contributing to therapeutic failure and Darwinian selection. Additionally, the clonal evolution of a tumor ecosystem is influenced by immune and treatment-mediated selection pressures, reflecting intra-tumor heterogeneity. Extensive characterization across various cancer types has shown that nearly all tumors exhibit evidence of recent subclonal expansions, with distinctive patterns of driver gene mutations and other alterations. The interplay between clonal and subclonal events, shaped by dynamic mutational processes, underscores the importance of clonal expansion in tumor evolution.
Are there studies of single cell genomic sequencing that sudied the intra tumor heterogeneity ?5 answersSingle-cell genomic sequencing studies have been conducted to investigate intra-tumor heterogeneity. These studies aim to characterize the presence of multiple subclones within a tumor and understand their unique set of mutations. Several computational tools have been developed to analyze single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNAseq) data and accurately infer cell subpopulations and copy number alterations (CNAs). These tools have been evaluated using simulated datasets and real data to assess their performance in terms of clustering accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and running time. Additionally, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have been used to quantify intratumor and intertumor molecular heterogeneity, providing insights into tumor subtypes, immunogenicity, metastasis, and cancer progression. The advancements in single-cell multi-omics sequencing technologies have further enhanced the understanding of intra-tumor heterogeneity and its implications in precision medicine.
How heterogeneite of tumors impact oncolytics viruses efficacy ?5 answersThe heterogeneity of tumors can impact the efficacy of oncolytic viruses. Tumors are known to create an immunosuppressive environment, which can suppress the immune system's ability to respond to tumor cells. This immunosuppressive microenvironment, along with antigen heterogeneity and suboptimal CAR-T cell trafficking, can contribute to the less satisfying efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in solid tumors. Additionally, the spread of oncolytic viruses within tumors can be limited by the extracellular matrix, specifically fibrillar collagen, which acts as a barrier to viral distribution. The differences in virus replication and killing between normal and cancer cells, as well as the type-I interferon responses in benign cells, can also affect the specificity and spread of oncolytic viruses in populations of cancer versus benign cells. Overall, the heterogeneity of tumors, including the immunosuppressive microenvironment and barriers to viral distribution, can impact the efficacy of oncolytic viruses in cancer treatment.
How does clonal heterogeneity have a role in the progression of cancer?5 answersClonal heterogeneity plays a role in the progression of cancer by contributing to tumor evolution, therapeutic resistance, and immune evasion. Tumors with high intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) are associated with decreased immunosurveillance and reduced response to immune checkpoint inhibition. In certain tissues, only a rare subset of cells has the capacity to initiate cancer, while others stall upon acquiring oncogenic mutations. Genetic heterogeneity is observed between primary and metastatic lesions, as well as among multiple metastases, in colon cancer with liver metastases (CCLM). Colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits marked heterogeneity, with an initial explosion of genetic diversity followed by a period of neutral dynamics. Thyroid cancer (TC) also demonstrates clonal selection and metastatic origin, with specific subclones colonizing distant organs. These findings highlight the importance of clonal heterogeneity in cancer progression, treatment response, and the development of metastasis.
What are the molecular mechanisms that underlie the heterogeneity of metastatic breast cancer?5 answersBreast cancer cells exhibit heterogeneity due to various molecular mechanisms. These mechanisms include altered pathway signaling, chromosome instability, aneuploidy, and the repression of tumor suppressor genes while inducing oncogene activities. The plasticity and heterogeneity of cancer cells play critical roles in metastasis, but the precise underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a major source of heterogeneity in breast cancer, and markers such as CD24-CD44+ and ALDH+ label different BCSC populations. The tumor microenvironment (TME) also contributes to heterogeneity, with different molecular subtypes of breast cancer showing differential expression of immune markers, fibroblast markers, and angiogenesis-related markers. The TME, consisting of tumor cells and various stromal components, interacts with cancer cells to promote heterogeneity and disease progression. Overall, the heterogeneity of metastatic breast cancer is driven by a combination of genetic alterations, CSC populations, and interactions with the TME.
What are the molecular mechanisms that drive tumor heterogeneity in cervical cancer?4 answersTumor heterogeneity in cervical cancer is driven by multiple molecular mechanisms. Infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and the integration of the HPV genome into the host chromosome of cervical epithelial cells are key early events in neoplastic progression. The viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 play a crucial role in disrupting the DNA repair mechanisms and apoptosis, leading to rapid cell proliferation. Multiple genes involved in DNA repair, cell proliferation, growth factor activity, angiogenesis, and mitogenesis become highly expressed in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer, contributing to genomic instability and progression towards invasive carcinoma. These molecular events result in the development of intratumor heterogeneity, which is characterized by the presence of divergent gene and protein expression programs in high-grade meningiomas. The expansion of sub-clonal copy number variants and alterations in immune infiltration, MAPK signaling, PI3K-AKT signaling, and cell proliferation drive meningioma recurrence. Epigenetic modifications, including reversible histone modifications and DNA methylation patterns, also contribute to drug resistance and the selection of drug-resistant tumor cells in cervical cancer.

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