What is electrostriction?5 answersElectrostriction is a property exhibited by dielectric materials where the application of an electric field induces a mechanical deformation proportional to the square of that field. This effect can be enhanced through engineered structures like artificial heterostructures, as demonstrated by Esposito et al., achieving an electrostriction coefficient exceeding relaxor ferroelectrics by three orders of magnitude. Electrostriction plays a role in nonlinear optics, particularly in phenomena like stimulated Brillouin scattering and guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering, where interactions between optical fields and acoustic waves occur through electrostriction, leading to frequency shifts in the scattered light. Additionally, artificial metamaterials composed of dielectric nanowires exhibit reversible structural deformation under electric fields, showcasing an electro-optic effect suitable for modulators operating in the visible to near-infrared spectrum. Organic microcantilevers utilize electrostriction for integrated transduction, enabling dynamic operation and mechanical energy harvesting, as demonstrated by Nesser et al.. Ab initio techniques are employed to compute and understand electrostriction in ferroelectric materials like BaTiO3 and PbTiO3, highlighting the importance of relative ion displacements in determining electrostriction properties.
What is electrical energy?5 answersElectrical energy is the flow of electrical power or charge, and it is a secondary energy source derived from the conversion of primary sources such as coal, nuclear, or solar energy. It is widely used in our daily lives for tasks like lighting, heating, and powering electronic devices. Electrical energy can be generated, transmitted, and distributed through power plants, transmission networks, and substations. It can also be stored in battery packs and used to power various devices, including electric vehicles. In emergency equipment like cardiac defibrillators, electrical energy can be generated from a small explosive charge and converted into short intense electrical pulses. The quality of electrical energy is important for the proper functioning of devices, and electrical companies have the responsibility to ensure good power quality.
What is electrodics?5 answersElectrodics refers to the study of the interaction between ions and electrodes in electrochemical systems. It involves understanding the processes of charge transfer and mass transport that occur at the electrode-electrolyte interface. The goal is to gain insights into how ions travel from the bulk electrolyte to the electrode surface. This knowledge is crucial for improving the performance and efficiency of electrochemical devices such as batteries and fuel cells.
What is electrobiotechnology?4 answersElectrobiotechnology is a field that focuses on using microbial electrochemical technology to convert organic waste into electrical energy or biohydrogen through redox reactions in microbial fuel cells or microbial electrolysis cells. It involves the use of engineered electrodes and materials to enhance the interaction between bacteria and electrodes, increasing the overall system redox and product formation. Electrobiotechnology also encompasses the use of electrochemical biosensors, which are self-contained integrated devices that can detect biological changes and monitor continuous changes in a variety of substances. Additionally, electrobiotechnology involves the study of electromicrobiology, where prokaryotes are able to interact with charged electrodes and use them as electron donors or acceptors for various applications such as power sources, water reclamation, pollution remediation, and electrosynthesis.
What is electrosergery?3 answersElectrosurgery is a continuously evolving field that has become a necessity in operating theatres. It involves the use of electrical currents to perform surgical procedures. The fundamental understanding of how energy devices work and their effect on biological tissues is crucial in order to avoid patient complications. Electrosurgery has been widely used in gynecological procedures and has shown to have both benefits and risks. Thermal injuries are a common complication associated with electrosurgery. The use of electrosurgical technology requires continuing education to ensure safe and effective use. Several factors, such as tissue bioimpedance changes, need to be considered in the design of electrosurgical units. Burns are the most common and feared complication of electrosurgery. Knowledge of electrosurgery fundamentals, proper use of equipment, and constant monitoring can help improve the safety and outcomes of surgical procedures.
What is an electric circuit?3 answersAn electric circuit is a system of interconnected devices that allows the flow of electrical current. It consists of sources and consumers of electrical energy connected by wires, forming a closed path for the current to circulate. Electric circuits can be used to generate pulse width modulated output signals, which involve the use of power supply signals, intermediate signals, and energy storage elements. To ensure stable operation and reduce noise interference, electric circuit devices may include switching circuit units, driver circuit substrates, AC bus bars, electric current detection elements, and magnetic shielding parts. In terms of connection reliability, electric circuits may include connecting units that electrically connect antenna coils and integrated circuit (IC) chips, using different materials for different parts of the connection. Overall, electric circuits are essential for the transmission and control of electrical energy in various applications.