Why is formal writing need in academic writing?4 answersFormal writing is essential in academic writing to facilitate effective communication within the academic discourse community. Academic writing for formal higher education requires proficiency in summarizing, paraphrasing, and writing in specific genres like essays and reports. The use of formal language, including Latinate verbs instead of phrasal verbs, is recommended to maintain a formal tone in academic writing. In medical discourse, formality is indicated by lexical, syntactical, and stylistic features such as high lexical density, nominalization, and the use of passive structures. Despite the pressure to publish, maintaining formality in scientific articles is crucial, as it deviates from the impersonal and formal style of academic writing. Therefore, formal writing is necessary in academic contexts to uphold clarity, professionalism, and adherence to disciplinary conventions.
What is formalism?4 answersFormalism is a concept that has different applications and interpretations in various fields. In the domain of machine translation (MT), formalism refers to a set of notation with well-defined semantics that allows for the formal expression of domain knowledge required for MT systems. In mathematics, formalism is the view that mathematics is a game or a set of rules for manipulating symbols, without commitment to an ontology of objects or properties. In the context of legal reasoning and adjudication, formalism restricts decision-makers to the literal meaning of words and the structure of the text, disregarding historical and social context. In the foundations of mathematics, formalism maintains that mathematical entities do not exist and that mathematics is the manipulation of marks according to specified rules. In law, formalism is a commitment to form in legal thinking, recognizing the form-bound nature of law and engaging with it in its various forms.
What is formality of a contract?1 answersFormality of a contract refers to the requirement of certain procedures or conditions that must be met for a contract to be legally binding. These formalities can include elements such as written documentation, signatures, or specific language used in the contract. The purpose of these formalities is to provide certainty and clarity in contractual agreements, ensuring that all parties involved understand the terms and obligations of the contract. Formalities also serve as evidence of the agreement and can be used in legal proceedings if disputes arise. In order to address the complexity and ambiguity often found in contracts, there is a need for contracts to be expressed in a formal language with a precise semantics, allowing for better understanding and analysis. The existence of a strong formal contract law and contract enforcement mechanisms is considered essential for economic development.
What are the theories related to formalism?4 answersSupposition Theory, Buridan's Notion of Consequentia, and Obligationes as Logical Games are theories related to formalism. Formal theories in the natural and social sciences often involve mathematical relationships specifying how one subset of variables depends upon another, and successful theory construction often involves identifying invariances, independence assumptions, and other algebraic conditions prior to constructing a theory. General relativity is a generally covariant, locally Lorentz covariant theory that can be modified to retain the same graviton degrees of freedom while explicitly breaking Lorentz covariance. In the context of probabilistic theories, a formalism called "formalism locality" has been developed, which treats space and time on an equal footing and ensures that calculations pertaining to any region of spacetime employ only mathematical objects associated with that region.
Formalism in literature?5 answersFormalism in literature refers to the approach that focuses on the formal aspects of a literary work, such as its structure, language, and style. It emphasizes the intrinsic qualities of the text itself, rather than considering external factors like the author's intentions or historical context. Formalist criticism seeks to analyze how the form of a literary work contributes to its meaning and aesthetic value. This approach has been influential in literary theory and has been applied to various literary genres and periods. Formalism has also been a subject of debate and has been challenged by other critical approaches that emphasize the social, historical, and cultural dimensions of literature.
What is formalism in public administration?5 answersFormalism in public administration refers to an approach that emphasizes adherence to established rules and procedures in decision-making and implementation. It is a commitment to form in legal interpretation and legal thinking, focusing not just on outcomes but on the form of the rules that generate those outcomes. Formalism recognizes that law must appear in some form and that it is an act of social communication. In the context of statutory interpretation, formalism is used to narrow judicial discretion and promote legislative supremacy. However, there is a growing trend in constitutional scholarship to embrace judicial discretion as part of the solution, rejecting formalism in favor of minimalism. Formalism in public administration can also be seen in the development and validation of surveys to assess conceptual knowledge in specific fields, such as undergraduate quantum mechanics. While some argue for a moderate form of formalism, others question the reliance on formal sources and advocate for a more critical approach.