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What is Neofunctionalism?

Functionalism (philosophy of mind)

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Neofunctionalism is a theoretical perspective that emerged in the mid-1950s, emphasizing the importance of supranational institutions and non-state actors in driving integration efforts alongside states . It posits that actors like interest groups and political parties play a crucial role in the international scene, influencing the process of integration . Neofunctionalism's key hypotheses include the spillover hypothesis, elite socialization hypothesis, and supranational interest group hypothesis, which have been central to understanding European integration . During the Eurozone crisis, neofunctionalism was utilized to explain crisis management and the need for further integration to address shortcomings in the Economic and Monetary Union . Additionally, neofunctionalism has been applied to analyze the EU's response to the COVID-19 pandemic, showcasing how Member States opted for increased integration to tackle challenges and strengthen EU governance in health policy .

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Book Chapter•DOI 4. Neo-functionalism Carsten Strøby Jensen 07 Feb 2019 2 Citations	Neofunctionalism is a theory emphasizing supranational institutions and non-state actors as key drivers of integration, focusing on spillover, elite socialization, and supranational interest groups in international relations.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Neo-classical “Structural Functionalism” on the “Traditional-Modern” Transformation of Literature and Art Cultural Heritage 29 Dec 2022-International journal of business anthropology	Neofunctionalism, as per the paper, analyzes the structural and functional changes in Literature and Art Cultural Heritage during the transition from tradition to modern times using Neo-classical "Structural Functionalism."
Open access•Dissertation•DOI Eurozone Crisis Management in Neofunctionalist Approach April Bleske-Rechek 21 Dec 2022	Neofunctionalism is a theoretical framework used to explain Eurozone crisis management, focusing on European integration processes and the evolution of regional integrations through functional cooperation and spillover mechanisms.
Book Chapter•DOI 4. Neo-functionalism Ibarra, Daniel 04 Mar 2022	Neofunctionalism is a theory emphasizing supranational institutions and non-state actors as key drivers of international integration, challenging the traditional focus on states.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI EU health policy in the aftermath of COVID-19: neofunctionalism and crisis-driven integration Eleanor Brooks, Anniek de Ruijter, S. Greder, Sarah Rozenblum - Show less +3 more 03 Apr 2023-Journal of European Public Policy 6 Citations	Neofunctionalism is a framework used to analyze EU health policy post-COVID-19, explaining how Member States increased integration to address challenges, enhance governance, and strengthen EU power in health matters.

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What is the role of international institutions based on the neo-functionalist approach?5 answersInternational institutions play a crucial role according to the neo-functionalist approach, which emphasizes the significance of supranational institutions and non-state actors in driving integration efforts alongside states. These institutions have evolved from the functional approach to address global challenges and provide essential support for the global order despite growing resistance to international cooperation. Neo-functionalists highlight the spillover hypothesis, elite socialization hypothesis, and supranational interest group hypothesis as key concepts in understanding the role of these institutions in fostering integration. However, challenges arise in holding international organizations accountable to third parties due to the functionalist approach's limitations in addressing relationships beyond the principal/agent dynamic. Overall, international institutions, as viewed through the neo-functionalist lens, are pivotal actors alongside states in shaping international relations and promoting cooperation.

What is Neo-liberalism?4 answersNeo-liberalism is an economic theory and social reform movement that emerged in the late 20th century. It is associated with leaders such as Reagan, Thatcher, Clinton, Blair, Pinochet, and Koizumi. Neo-liberalism positions itself within the tradition of Enlightenment and emphasizes scientific and economic rationality. The term "neoliberalism" has evolved over time and has been used in various disciplines to describe different historical incarnations. These include its origins in Austria in the 1920s, its association with the German Ordoliberal circle, its application to economic reforms in Chile under Pinochet, its use as a generic term for all schools of economic liberalism by Foucault, and its contemporary hybrid form. Neo-liberalism has been criticized as an anti-historical trend that promotes privatization and marketization. The concept of neo-liberalism is of interest to post-Keynesian and heterodox economics, particularly in the aftermath of the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.

What is neo-colonialism?5 answersNeo-colonialism refers to the continued dominance and control exerted by foreign powers over formerly colonized nations, often through economic means. It is characterized by the infringement of national sovereignty and the excessive influence of foreign corporations and donors. Neo-colonialism can be seen as a regressive impact of unregulated forms of aid, trade, and foreign direct investment, which perpetuate the economic exploitation of African nations. It is a concept that has been explored in the context of African state politics, with studies examining the prevalence of neopatrimonialism and its effects on development and democracy. The concept of neo-colonialism is also linked to post-colonial literary discourse, where it is used to critique the socio-economic realities and leadership styles of African rulers, highlighting the disappointment and alienation experienced by the masses. Overall, neo-colonialism remains relevant in understanding the challenges faced by African nations in their pursuit of development and self-determination.

What is neologism?5 answersNeologism refers to newly coined words or phrases in a language. It can be derived from existing words or completely newly minted. Medical slang, for example, includes both types, with only about 1% of terms being completely new. Neologisms can be triggered by various events such as wars, the emergence of new diseases, or advancements like computers and the internet. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an explosion of neologisms, including the term COVID-19 itself. Identifying and quantifying neologisms computationally can be challenging, especially in languages like Bengali. However, a semi-automated approach can be used to investigate the emergence or modification of new words in different languages. Neologism formation can be categorized into different types based on form and meaning. Neologisms also play a role in the production and innovation of new words in languages like Kurdish.

What is neo gramscian?3 answersNeo-Gramscianism is a theoretical perspective that has made significant contributions to international relations theory. It offers a critical analysis of the global system, focusing on the relationship between power, hierarchy, and change. Neo-Gramscians argue that traditional theories overlook the role of power dynamics and external constraints in shaping the international order. They draw on the work of Antonio Gramsci, but there are different interpretations of his ideas within the Neo-Gramscian approach. Some scholars argue that Neo-Gramscians have misread Gramsci, stripping him of his Marxist influences and adopting a more liberal perspective. Others propose a more materialist reading of Gramsci to develop a more comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding contemporary world order. Overall, Neo-Gramscianism seeks to provide a more nuanced understanding of global politics by emphasizing the role of power, hierarchy, and social change.

What is neo-futurism?4 answersNeo-futurism is an artistic movement that combines avant-garde concepts with modern technologies and media. It emerged as a response to the limitations of technological advancements in the past, with artists envisioning creative possibilities that were not yet achievable. The Futurist avant-garde, led by F. T. Marinetti, sought to experiment with new textual models, composition strategies, and artistic mediums such as radio and television. However, it was not until later periods, with more sophisticated devices, that these ideas became feasible. Neo-futurism also explores the fusion of various media, languages, and codes, as seen in postdramatic theatre and electronic literature. It embraces non-linear and open-ended forms of expression, often utilizing interactive communication systems based on hypermedia. Overall, neo-futurism represents a continuation and evolution of the avant-garde's desire to push the boundaries of art and technology.

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