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What is school heads' human resource management practices with regards to the involvement of teachers in HRM matters? 


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School heads' human resource management practices vary in their involvement of teachers in HRM matters. Some studies show a lack of interdependent relationship between school heads' HRM practices and teachers' school engagement and teaching performance . On the other hand, research indicates that school heads' management practices significantly impact elementary teachers' performance, emphasizing the importance of recognizing teachers' needs and conducting regular observations and meetings . Additionally, the correlation between transformational management styles and school-based management practices of school heads suggests a positive relationship, especially in areas like individual considerations and intellectual stimulation . Furthermore, a study on human resource management practices in senior high schools reveals that while job instruction and promotions are prioritized, other aspects like seminars, coaching, and recognition are not emphasized, leading to a low perception of HRM practices among teachers .

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School heads involve teachers in HRM matters, viewing it as a shared responsibility. National school heads focus on educational goals, while private school heads emphasize sustainability.
School heads prioritize job instruction and promotions but neglect involvement of teachers in HRM matters like seminars, coaching, and job assignments, leading to teachers' low perception of HRM practices.
School heads' human resource management practices involve positively correlating with teachers' involvement in HRM matters, emphasizing training, seminars, and transformational leadership styles for effective school-based management.
School heads involve teachers in HRM matters by recognizing their needs, valuing their worth, conducting regular observations, fostering communication, and creating programs to align school goals with community values.
School heads' human resource management practices do not significantly impact teachers' school engagement and teaching performance in private elementary schools.

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