What is the current understanding of the causes and risk factors for hepatocellular cancer?
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is primarily caused by viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV, HDV), alcohol abuse, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and other factors like tobacco smoking and certain genetic conditions . The pathogenesis involves complex mechanisms such as chronic liver inflammation, genetic alterations (TP53, TERT, CTNNB1), epigenetic changes, and dysregulation of key signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT) . The risk factors vary geographically, with NAFLD becoming a significant cause in Western countries. Understanding these etiological factors is crucial for tailored medical therapy, as responses to treatments differ based on the underlying pathogenesis of HCC. Overall, a comprehensive approach considering viral, lifestyle, and genetic factors is essential for effective management and treatment of HCC.
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| Papers (5) | Insight |
|---|---|
| Hepatitis viruses (HBV, HCV, HDV) induce hepatocellular carcinoma through chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, gene mutations, and epigenetic changes. HEV may also have a potential association with HCC. | |
| Hepatitis B/C viruses, fatty liver disease, and tobacco smoking are key risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma, along with genetic and signaling pathway alterations contributing to its development. | |
| Hepatocellular cancer is primarily linked to viral hepatitis but is increasingly associated with metabolic syndrome, including NAFLD. Identifying the leading etiological factor remains challenging. | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is primarily caused by viral hepatitis and alcohol abuse, with nonalcoholic liver disease emerging as a significant future risk factor, as outlined in the review. | |
| Chronic liver inflammation, HBV/HCV infections, metabolic syndrome, alcohol, obesity, and certain liver diseases/drugs are major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma, with interactions between them contributing to its pathogenesis. |
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