What is serial dilution?5 answersSerial dilution is a systematic process of making a solution weaker or less concentrated through successive resuspension of an initial solution. It involves decreasing the concentration of a solution by a multiple of 10, typically achieved by a 10-fold dilution where the ratio is 1:10. Serial dilution assays are commonly used to estimate the concentration of target entities in public health research. These assays are also used to estimate the concentration of bacteria in samples of food, water, soil, and other substances. Serial dilution is a fundamental procedure in laboratory protocols and is often automated in lab-on-a-chip systems. The process involves sequentially mixing the rungs of a ladder structure to achieve the desired dilution. In summary, serial dilution is a widely used technique for reducing the concentration of a solution and is applied in various fields of research and laboratory settings.
How does dilution affect the shape of a calibration curve?5 answersDilution can affect the shape of a calibration curve. Isotope dilution analysis, for example, can have a nonlinear theoretical response curve. However, the use of a three-parameter rational function known as the Pade[1,1] approximant can accurately describe the curvature of any isotope dilution curve. In the case of a Gilford monochromatic densitometer used for recording indicator-dilution curves, calibration lines showed both curvature and hysteresis. The optical properties of indocyanine green, a dye used in these curves, were altered by the presence of contrast media used in angiography. Dilution of a sample that deviates from the measuring region can enhance the measuring accuracy of an automatic analytical apparatus and expand its measuring region.
What is dilution?2 answersDilution is a process of reducing the concentration of a substance by adding a solvent or diluent to it. This method is commonly used in various fields such as drug development, clinical laboratories, and gas mixture preparation. In drug development, diluents are used to reduce non-specific drug binding, allowing bioassay results to better predict the behavior of compounds in vivo. In clinical laboratories, there are two conventions for preparing dilutions, and using the incorrect convention can affect assay sensitivity and results. In gas mixture preparation, a mixing cell is used to obtain known concentrations of dilute gas mixtures when conventional methods cannot be employed. Dilution techniques are also used in thin-layer chromatography to recover samples without removing the layer from the plate, achieving high recovery with small solvent volumes.
What are the most common EC50 dilutions used in cell culture studies?4 answersThe most common EC50 dilutions used in cell culture studies were not mentioned in the provided abstracts.
What is concentration, normality and dilution?3 answersConcentration refers to the amount of solute present in a given volume of solution. It is often expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution. Normality is a measure of concentration that takes into account the number of reactive units in a solute. It is expressed as the number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution. Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent. It is commonly used in food analysis to obtain standard curves for determining the concentration of analytes in a sample. In the human body, water balance is regulated by the kidneys, which excrete either concentrated or dilute urine based on physiological needs. Optimal fluid osmolarity, or water balance, is important for proper cell function and is regulated by the amount of extracellular water. Concentration functions have been used in probabilistic and number theory studies to investigate convergence problems and other questions.
Whats the different between horizontal and vertical gene transfer3 answersHorizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the transfer of genetic material between different organisms, while vertical gene transfer is the transfer of genetic material from parent to offspring. HGT is commonly found in bacteria and facilitates the exchange of genes between distantly related species. It is important for bacterial diversity and the rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance. In contrast, vertical gene transfer is the primary mode of gene transfer in eukaryotes, where genetic material is passed from parent to progeny. HGT is more common when plasmids are rare, allowing for many opportunities for transfer, while vertical gene transfer is the dominant mode when plasmids are common. Overall, HGT contributes to the enlargement of the bacterial gene pool, while vertical gene transfer is essential for the inheritance of genetic material in eukaryotes.