What are the factors that contribute to the prevalence of schistosomiasis?5 answersThe prevalence of schistosomiasis is influenced by various factors. These include socio-cultural and socio-economic variables, gender norms, water contact activities, and access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation. Other factors include ecological zone, ethnicity, age, and sex. The disease is transmitted through contact with unwholesome water sources infested with freshwater mollusks, which serve as intermediate hosts. Risk factors associated with infection rates include occupational and recreational water contact, knowledge, socio-economic factors, and demographic factors. The construction of water schemes and increasing population and movement have also contributed to increased transmission. To combat schistosomiasis, treatment of at-risk populations, access to good water, improved sanitation, hygiene education, and snail control are recommended. Mass treatment with praziquantel is the recommended strategy for reducing the burden of the disease. Integrated control, targeting the life cycle, is crucial for sustainability and future elimination.
What is the prevalence of Schistosomiasis?3 answersThe prevalence of schistosomiasis varies across different studies and populations. In Northwestern Ethiopia, the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni was found to be 10.4%. A meta-analysis of studies worldwide reported a pooled prevalence of S. haematobium at 13.44 per 100 observations and S. mansoni at 12.18 per 100 observations among pregnant women. In a community near a dam in Nigeria, the overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 20.3%, with urinary schistosomiasis at 12.3% and intestinal schistosomiasis at 8%. In a non-endemic area of Ghana, the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 34.6% among the study participants. In rural northwestern Madagascar, the prevalence of schistosomiasis was recorded at 64.47% using a combination of diagnostic methods. These findings highlight the varying prevalence rates of schistosomiasis in different regions and populations, emphasizing the need for targeted control and prevention strategies.
What is the prevalence of Schistosomiasis worldwide according to world health organization?5 answersSchistosomiasis is one of the most widespread parasitic infections globally, affecting an estimated 229 million people worldwide, with 92% of cases occurring in Africa. The disease is caused by infection with the parasite Schistosoma, and the most prevalent species are Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum, and Schistosoma haematobium. The prevalence of schistosomiasis in Southeast Asia remains largely unknown, but recent estimates suggest that around 225,000 people in the region were infected in 2018. In Ghana, the prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis was found to be 34.6% among the study participants. Targeted treatment and mass drug administration have been effective in reducing the prevalence of schistosomiasis in school-aged children in Africa, with a decrease reported in the majority of studies. The disease continues to be a significant public health problem, with an estimated 230 million people infected globally and 200,000 deaths occurring annually.
What is the prevalence of nephrolithiasis?5 answersThe prevalence of nephrolithiasis in the United States is estimated to be 10.6% in men and 7.1% in women. People with disabilities (PWD) have a higher prevalence of nephrolithiasis compared to those without disabilities, with a prevalence of 16.1% in PWD and 9.2% in people without disabilities. The prevalence of nephrolithiasis is increasing over time in adults in the United States. Additionally, patients with nephrolithiasis have a significantly higher prevalence of osteoporosis compared to the general population without nephrolithiasis, and vice versa.
What is the prevalence of intestinal ascariasis in the world?5 answersIntestinal ascariasis is a common helminthic infection worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of 25%. More than 12 billion people are infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, the causative agent of ascariasis. The highest prevalence of ascariasis is reported from the Indian subcontinent, China, African continent, and Latin America. The infection is particularly common in children under 5 years of age. The majority of patients with intestinal ascariasis are asymptomatic, but symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, bloating, and abdominal discomfort can occur. Complications of ascariasis include intestinal obstruction, biliary colic, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and malnutrition. The average cure rate with anthelminthic treatment is over 95%.
Prevalence of urinary schistosoma globally?4 answersThe prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis globally is high, with the disease being endemic in many countries in Africa and the Middle East. Schistosoma haematobium is the main causative agent of urinary schistosomiasis. The disease is transmitted through contact with contaminated freshwater, and the adult worms reside in the veins of the vesical and pelvic plexuses. The prevalence and intensity of infection can vary among different populations and age groups. In some endemic areas, studies have shown a high prevalence of S. haematobium infection among school-age children. Males tend to have a higher prevalence of infection compared to females. It is important to implement integrated control programs, including treatment and health education, to address the burden of urinary schistosomiasis.