Dog fat evaluation in radiography5 answersRadiography is a valuable tool for assessing body fat in dogs. Studies have shown that subcutaneous fat thickness measured on thoracic radiographs is associated with body condition score (BCS) in dogs. Additionally, subcutaneous fat thickness measured by ultrasound correlates well with histology, particularly at the lumbar area, allowing for the prediction of total body fat in dogs. Furthermore, computed tomography (CT) has been utilized to assess body fat in dogs, with specific measurements such as total fat area (TA), subcutaneous fat area (SA), and visceral fat area (VA) showing significant correlations with BCS. CT analysis has also been instrumental in differentiating between surgical and non-surgical acute abdominal conditions in dogs, with contrast-enhanced multi-detector CT (CE-MDCT) proving to be an accurate screening test for this purpose.
What specific techniques within CBT are most beneficial for individuals with OCD?5 answersSpecialized cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) techniques, such as exposure and ritual prevention (Ex/RP) and cognitive therapy (CT), are particularly beneficial for individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These techniques target specific cognitions, feelings, and behaviors associated with OCD, offering more effective treatment outcomes than general CBT. Ex/RP focuses on addressing compulsions, while CT targets obsessions, making them highly effective when combined. Additionally, CT and Ex/RP provide essential knowledge, psychoeducation, fear hierarchies, behavioral experiments, and relapse prevention skills tailored to taboo and unacceptable obsessions in OCD, ensuring sustained positive outcomes post-treatment. These specialized CBT techniques offer a comprehensive approach to managing OCD symptoms effectively.
Can OCD rituals cause chronic pain?5 answersObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) rituals can indirectly lead to chronic pain. Research suggests a potential association between OCD and chronic pain, with OCD impacting the experience and rehabilitation of chronic pain. While OCD itself is a psychiatric disorder, its comorbidity with chronic pain can worsen the prognosis for both conditions. Compulsive behaviors in OCD can cause extreme stress, potentially contributing to physical issues like stress fractures. Additionally, individuals with high obsessive-compulsive symptoms may experience differences in pain baseline and outcomes, highlighting the potential impact of OCD rituals on chronic pain experiences. Therefore, although OCD rituals may not directly cause chronic pain, their influence on mental and emotional well-being can contribute to the development or exacerbation of chronic pain conditions.
Is CBT effective for OCD?5 answersCBT is an effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It is considered the first-line and evidence-based treatment for OCD, yielding sustained treatment effects. CBT, including exposure and response prevention (ERP), has been shown to reduce symptom severity and anxiety in patients with contamination OCD. Internet-based CBT (ICBT) combined with medication has also been found to be effective in reducing OCD symptoms. Additionally, a proposed therapy that integrates neuropsychoeducation, intrinsic motivation, metaphoric content, and CBT with pharmacological management has shown efficacy in reducing obsessions and compulsions in OCD patients. CBT is particularly beneficial for transitional-age youth (TAY) with OCD, addressing their unique cognitive, emotional, and social needs. Overall, CBT is a recommended and effective treatment option for OCD, offering symptom reduction and improved quality of life for patients.
What is the prevalence of suicidal ideation in people with OCD?4 answersThe prevalence of suicidal ideation in people with OCD varies across studies. One systematic review and meta-analysis found that approximately one third of individuals with OCD have current suicidal ideation, while about half have had suicidal ideation in the past. Another review reported that suicidal ideation is referred to by 26.3-73.5% of individuals with OCD, with a mean rate of 44.1%. Additionally, a study examining adults with OCD seeking intensive treatment found that approximately 12% reported recent suicidal ideation. These findings highlight the significant presence of suicidal ideation in individuals with OCD, emphasizing the need for clinicians to be aware of this risk and consider it in their risk management strategies.
How does the CBD treat OCD?4 answersCognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). CBT for OCD typically involves specific interventions such as cognitive therapy and exposure and ritual prevention (ERP). ERP, which includes exposure to feared situations and prevention of rituals, is considered a key component of CBT for OCD. CBT can be tailored to address specific manifestations of OCD, such as post-partum OCD, taboo thoughts, and relationship OCD. In some cases, a cognitive approach may be used instead of ERP, particularly for young people with severe OCD. CBT has been shown to be effective in both children and adults, with benefits including maintenance of therapeutic gains after treatment withdrawal. However, there is a need to improve treatment engagement, response, and maintenance to address residual symptoms and relapse. Overall, CBT offers a range of strategies to help patients adopt more adaptive patterns of thinking and behavior, leading to positive changes in emotions and decreased functional impairments.