How does blade speed influence a blade mill in powders?5 answersBlade speed plays a crucial role in the performance of blade mills in powder processing. Studies have shown that varying blade speeds impact the motion and distribution of particles within the mill. Higher blade speeds can lead to the development of roping behavior, aiding in better liquid distribution and nucleation. Additionally, at critical speeds, the axial motion within the mill can form circulation cells, influencing particle exchange dynamics. Moreover, in high-speed milling machines, increasing roller speeds and optimizing transmission ratios can significantly enhance milling efficiency and reduce power consumption. Overall, blade speed adjustments in blade mills affect particle motion, distribution, and milling efficiency in powder processing applications.
What factors contribute to the intense rivalry in the blasting equipment and abrasives industry?4 answersIntense rivalry in the blasting equipment and abrasives industry is fueled by various factors. The introduction of the throwing wheel in abrasive blasting machines, directing granular media to surfaces, coupled with modern machining media production, enhances efficiency but also leads to significant wear of machine elements. Shared cognitive frames among industry rivals, reinforced through social comparisons and enactment, constrain their ability to perceive and adapt to evolving market conditions, potentially leading to collective failure. Biofilms, capable of colonizing diverse environments, including industrial equipment, pose challenges in maintaining equipment integrity and performance. Innovations like pressure vessels with venturis and multiple pressure tanks with efficient particle supply valves and separators enhance blasting operations, contributing to competition and rivalry in the industry.
How does blasting affect the stability of rock massifs?5 answersBlasting has a significant impact on the stability of rock massifs. Blasting load directions influence the failure mode of tunnels in fractured rock masses, with new cracks propagating and initiating on the incident side of the tunnel. In underground mining, blasting excavation induces vibration transmission that can cause motion and energy release in the rock mass medium. This leads to compression-shear failure in the roadway surrounding rock and tensile failure in the unsupported roof and floor of the roadway. Joint directions in rock blasting experiments greatly affect fragmentation and stability of the remaining rock, with an optimum spacing existing for a given joint direction. In combined field workings with underground mining, controlled blasting and explosion shielding are important for maintaining the stability of the massif. Millisecond blasting in high rock slopes results in local shear stress exceeding the shear strength of the rock mass, leading to precracking and periodic variations in the safety factor of the slope.
What are the factor design of rock mass blastability?2 answersThe factors that influence the design of rock mass blastability include the strength, density, and structure of the rock mass, as well as geological and geotechnical parameters. In tropically weathered limestone, the significant factors for blastability include the extent of weathering, rock quality designation (RQD), cavities, porosity, water absorption, point load strength index, and blastability index (BI). Similarly, in tropically weathered igneous rocks, the significant factors for blastability include rock density, degree of weathering, RQD, geological strength index (GSI), porosity, water absorption, point load strength index, and BI. Another approach suggests that the blastability assessment should consider rock mass strength, fracture frequency, density, seismic P-wave speed, S-wave attenuation, and S-wave splitting. In the case of Tongkeng ore in Guangxi, China, the blastability grading is determined based on factors such as density, p-wave velocity, wave impedance, uniaxial compressive strength, rock elasticity, and uniaxial tensile strength.
What are the key factors that influence the outcome of a blast?4 answersThe key factors that influence the outcome of a blast include the type of explosive material, charge weight, shape and orientation of the explosive charge, detonation point position, detonation initiator type, standoff distance, ground surface, and environmental conditions such as air temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure. In confined spaces, heat losses and incomplete gas mixing can affect the temperatures and pressures reached during an internal blast. The geological features of a rock mass, such as rock strength, rock quality designation, joint parameters, hydrogeological conditions, and the presence of weak layers, also play a role in blast damage. The constraint of a frame column, including the effect of adjacent members and the distributed mass of floors, can significantly impact its dynamic response under blast loading. Additionally, blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) and stress-related neurobehavioral disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can have overlapping pathologies and functional outcomes, making diagnosis and treatment challenging.
What is the mechanism of rock breaking due to blasting?2 answersThe mechanism of rock breaking due to blasting involves various factors and techniques. Carbon dioxide phase transition blasting (CDPTB) utilizes impact stress waves and high-pressure gas to produce multi-point cracking and gas wedge effects in the initial fracture. Segmented deep-hole blasting increases footage driving per cycle and improves working efficiency. Polyenergy water pressure controlled blasting achieves controlled directional blasting and enhances the blasting effect through the water wedge effect. Slotted cartridge blasting reduces damage caused by explosives by causing plastic deformation and stress concentration at the slotted pipe incision. Shaped charge hydraulic smooth blasting utilizes the energy storage and buffering effect of water medium, resulting in smaller vibration velocity and larger displacement variation.