What is the relationship between methane emission and environmental variables?5 answersMethane emissions are influenced by various environmental variables. Studies have shown that methane emissions correlate strongly with water vapor fluxes, CO2 fluxes, and soil temperature. Additionally, the combustion of low-grade coal can intensify methane emissions, leading to increased concentrations in the atmosphere, impacting global warming and plant health. Furthermore, hydroelectric reservoirs in Brazil produce biogenic gases like methane and CO2 through organic decomposition, with variables like depth, pH, and temperature affecting these emissions. Genetic studies on sheep have revealed that methane emissions in controlled and field environments are genetically correlated, with high heritability estimates and repeatability, suggesting that methane emission phenotypes can be used for genetic evaluation to improve emission-related traits in grazing sheep.
How does temperature and humidity affect methane emissions in rice?5 answersTemperature and humidity play crucial roles in methane emissions from rice paddies. Higher temperatures generally lead to increased methane emissions, as seen in various studies. For instance, elevated temperatures of water and soil can boost methane emissions by up to 91%, but emissions decrease when temperatures rise above 34–35°C. Additionally, warming stimulates methane emissions most strongly at around 26°C during the flooded stage, with smaller responses at lower and higher temperatures. Moreover, anaerobic conditions significantly reduce carbon release but promote methane production, with the temperature sensitivity of methane production being notably higher than that of carbon dioxide. These findings highlight the intricate relationship between temperature, humidity, and methane emissions in rice paddies, emphasizing the need to consider these factors for effective greenhouse gas management.
What are the effects of temperature on microbial activity?4 answersTemperature has significant effects on microbial activity. Generally, an increase in temperature enhances microbial processes up to a certain threshold, beyond which rates decline rapidly. In high latitude regions, a warming scenario led to a decrease in microbial biomass but stimulated extracellular enzymatic activity for peptide hydrolysis and phenolic oxidation. Thermophilic microorganisms have faster biochemical reaction rates and higher methane production rates compared to mesophilic microorganisms. The temperature sensitivity of aquatic hyphomycetes and fungi-mediated leaf litter decomposition showed greater sensitivity at low temperatures and more moderate sensitivity at higher temperatures. Temperature also affects the metabolic activities and gene expression of ammonia oxidizing microbes involved in nitrification, with different species showing different degrees of effect depending on the habitat.
How does temperature (and the weather in general) affect natural gas consumption?5 answersTemperature and weather have a significant impact on natural gas consumption. In Beijing, China, it has been observed that daily natural gas consumption during the heating season is linearly correlated with the daily average temperature. Future scenarios suggest that as temperatures rise, natural gas consumption for heating purposes will decrease, with reductions of approximately 9% to 22% by the end of the 21st century compared to present-day consumption levels. In the natural gas industry, companies' gas consumption data have been analyzed using the intuitionistic fuzzy c-means (IFCM) methodology. This analysis revealed that some companies are directly affected by temperature changes, while others are not. Another study used Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and linear regression analysis to identify the relationship between gas consumption and ambient temperature. The results showed a higher level of correlation between gas load and temperature when using EMD processed data. Additionally, a methodology combining natural gas demand estimation with a stochastic temperature model was proposed to forecast natural gas consumption. This approach allows for the establishment of a relationship between temperature-based weather derivatives and expected natural gas consumption, enabling partial hedging of demand risk.
What are the effects of temperature and pressure on methane production from chicken manure?5 answersThe effects of temperature and pressure on methane production from chicken manure have been investigated in several studies. Pretreatment of chicken manure with water extraction at temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 60 °C was found to increase methane production by 16 to 45% compared to untreated manure. Another study examined the use of pressure swing conditioning (PSC) as a pre-treatment method and found that PSC at 150 °C for 5 minutes increased methane yield by 14.4% compared to untreated manure. Additionally, the study found that PSC treatment reduced the total ammonia nitrogen content of the manure by 39% on average. Another study investigated the use of a zeolite additive in biogas production from chicken manure and found that increasing the organic load and using a zeolite additive increased biogas yield and methane production. Overall, these studies suggest that temperature and pressure can have a significant impact on methane production from chicken manure.
What is the effect of temperature on pyrolysis?3 answersPyrolysis temperature has a significant effect on the properties and yields of pyrolysis products. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature generally leads to changes in the chemical and structural properties of the materials being pyrolyzed. For example, in the case of agricultural wastes, pyrolysis at higher temperatures resulted in a decrease in organic carbon content and an increase in pH. Similarly, in the pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), the yield and quality of carbon nanofilaments (CNFs) and hydrogen-rich gas were found to be optimal at a temperature of 650 °C. The temperature also affects the condensation efficiency, moisture content, and important component content of bio-oil produced from pyrolysis of cotton straw and corn straw. Higher pyrolysis temperatures led to increased condensing efficiency and content of important components in the bio-oil. Temperature oscillation during torrefaction of biomass also influenced the subsequent pyrolysis reaction, affecting the weight loss rates and activation energy of the material. In the pyrolysis of pine sawdust, increasing the temperature resulted in higher yields of bio-gas with higher heating values, while the yield of bio-char decreased.