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What new diseases have been treated using mycophenolic acid?

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases

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Mycophenolic acid (MPA) has been used to treat a variety of diseases. It was initially indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in transplant patients . Subsequently, its clinical utility was explored in autoimmune diseases such as lupus, myasthenia gravis, and atopic dermatitis . MPA has also been prescribed for rheumatic diseases, including lupus nephritis and cutaneous diseases . In experimental nontransplant glomerular disease models, MPA has shown to have immunosuppressive properties and a beneficial effect on nonimmune cells, making it an excellent treatment option for immunologic glomerulopathies . Recently, MPA has been investigated in the context of COVID-19 infection in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (iRMD) . Although MPA treatment was not associated with a more severe COVID-19 infection, caution should be exercised in treating iRMD patients with MPA due to their increased vulnerability to severe forms of the disease . Overall, MPA has shown promise in the treatment of various diseases, including autoimmune and glomerular diseases.

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Journal Article•DOI Mycophenolic acid-induced onychomadesis: An easily ignorable adverse effect in patients with rheumatic diseases. Chi‐Wei Feng, Hsiang‐Cheng Chen, Chun‐Chi Lu - Show less +2 more 12 Mar 2019-International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 1 Citations	The paper does not mention any new diseases that have been treated using mycophenolic acid. The paper discusses the adverse effect of mycophenolic acid-induced onychomadesis in patients with rheumatic diseases.
Journal Article•DOI Mycophenolic acid in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: From humans to dogs. Michael Klotsman, Gayatri Sathyan, Wayne Anderson, Wayne Anderson, Oliver A. Garden, Padmaja Shivanand - Show less +5 more 01 Mar 2019-Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 11 Citations	The paper does not mention any new diseases that have been treated using mycophenolic acid.
Journal Article•DOI Effect of mycophenolic acid in experimental, nontransplant glomerular diseases: new mechanisms beyond immune cells. Agnes Hackl, Rasmus Ehren, Lutz T. Weber - Show less +2 more 02 Mar 2017-Pediatric Nephrology 15 Citations	The paper does not mention any new diseases that have been treated using mycophenolic acid.

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What papers support the use of mycophenolic acid as a?4 answersMycophenolic acid (MPA) has been studied for its immunosuppressive effects and its potential use in various medical conditions. Studies have shown that MPA is effective in preventing rejection in kidney transplantation and has fewer adverse effects compared to other immunosuppressive drugs. It has also been used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as renal, rheumatological, gastrointestinal, ophthalmological, dermatological, and neurological autoimmune diseases. Additionally, MPA has shown anti-tumor activity in certain animal models and has been studied for its potential use as a radiosensitizer. Clinical trials have shown that MPA can be beneficial in the treatment of severe psoriasis, with good to excellent responses observed in about 75% of patients. However, it is important to note that one review article has been retracted due to overlap with a previously published review. Overall, the available evidence supports the use of mycophenolic acid in various medical conditions, including transplantation, autoimmune diseases, and psoriasis.

What papers support the use of mycophenolic acid to prevent transplant rejection?3 answersMycophenolic acid (MPA) has been shown to be effective in preventing transplant rejection in various studies. One study found that a reduced MPA dose, when combined with tacrolimus and corticosteroids, was safe and reduced hematologic abnormalities without causing rejection. Another study demonstrated that measuring predose MPA concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (C0C) can be useful in predicting graft rejection in renal transplant recipients. Additionally, a study on kidney transplantation patients maintained with cyclosporine found that monitoring MPA trough concentrations, along with cyclosporine trough concentrations, was useful in avoiding acute cellular rejection within the first year post-transplantation. Furthermore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials showed that the combination of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was effective in preventing acute cellular rejection after liver transplantation. These studies support the use of mycophenolic acid in preventing transplant rejection in various transplant settings.

Papers that cast doubt on the use of mycophenolic acid to prevent transplant rejection?5 answersMycophenolic acid (MPA) is commonly used to prevent transplant rejection, but there are some papers that cast doubt on its effectiveness. One study found that a higher MPA trough concentration (MPA C₀) or dose was associated with an increased risk of cytopenia, but not with biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR). Another study suggested that measuring predose MPA concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (C0C) could be useful in predicting graft rejection in renal transplant recipients. A review article mentioned that therapeutic drug monitoring for MPA may be helpful in various clinical settings of liver transplantation, indicating that a fixed-dosage regimen might not be suitable. Additionally, a study found that monitoring MPA trough concentration combined with cyclosporine trough concentration was useful in avoiding acute cellular rejection in kidney transplantation patients. Overall, these papers suggest that there may be limitations and variability in the use of MPA to prevent transplant rejection.

Which isoform of IMPDH does mycophenolic acid target in lymphocytes?4 answersMycophenolic acid (MPA) targets IMPDH II isoform in lymphocytes.

Why is mycophenolic acid used as a immunosuppressant in organ transplants?3 answersMycophenolic acid (MPA) is used as an immunosuppressant in organ transplants because it inhibits the enzyme IMP dehydrogenase, which is involved in the synthesis of guanidine nucleotides. This inhibition leads to a reduction in the synthesis of pre-rRNA and pre-tRNA, causing cell cycle arrest and disruption of the nucleolus. MPA has been shown to be effective in preventing post-transplant acute rejection and improving kidney transplant prognosis when used in combination with other immunosuppressive agents like tacrolimus. Additionally, MPA has been found to have a broad tolerance for substrates, making it a potential candidate for the biosynthesis of natural products using fungal globin-like enzymes. Furthermore, MPA can be delivered directly to the transplanted organ using nanocarriers, which has been shown to reduce transplant immunity and prevent chronic allograft rejection. Overall, MPA's ability to inhibit nucleotide synthesis and its immunosuppressive properties make it a valuable drug for preventing immune rejection in organ transplants.

How is mycophenolic acid administered?5 answersMycophenolic acid can be administered in various forms. It can be used as a salt or prodrug, such as mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). MMF is available as an ester prodrug of mycophenolic acid and is formulated to improve its bioavailability. Mycophenolic acid can also be administered in the form of a delayed-release formulation called mycophenolate sodium, which delivers the drug to the small intestine without being released into the stomach. Additionally, mycophenolic acid can be formulated as a powder or a lyophilized composition for injection, making it suitable for parenteral administration. The specific dosage regimen and route of administration may vary depending on the indication for use, such as prevention or treatment of transplant rejection and immune-mediated and/or inflammatory diseases.

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