How was the divide between global north and global south?5 answersThe global North-South divide encompasses various aspects beyond just wealth inequality, including disparities in generating knowledge. This division extends to the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), where cost and ethical considerations create a significant gap between the North and South. Addressing this divide requires exploring mechanisms for global redistribution, considering both material and immaterial resources. Efforts to bridge this gap involve analyzing influential discourses on redistributing resources and learning from experiences like the European Union's social policy coordination. Additionally, examining the costs and ethics in scientific endeavors, such as AI research, sheds light on the disparities between the North and South. Overall, understanding and addressing the North-South divide necessitates comprehensive efforts encompassing economic, social, and knowledge-related dimensions.
How labor productivity impacts globalization?5 answersLabor productivity plays a crucial role in the context of globalization. Studies have shown that globalization positively affects labor productivity in various ways. Globalization can lead to increased productivity levels by allowing countries to access advanced technologies and production methods. The impact of globalization on labor productivity differs based on factors like the type of workers involved. For instance, while immigrants may replace native workers, offshore workers producing intermediate input imports do not have the same effect on productivity. Additionally, factors such as foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic openness have been found to have a positive and significant impact on labor productivity in OECD regions. However, in U.S. manufacturing industries, globalization, driven by Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and trade liberalization, has been associated with a negative impact on per worker productivity across different skill levels.
How has globalization impacted economic development on the African continent?4 answersGlobalization has had a complex impact on economic development in Africa. While some studies suggest a positive relationship between globalization and economic growth, others find the relationship to be largely insignificant. The lack of significant impact may be attributed to Africa's small share in foreign direct investment and global trade, as well as infrastructure deficits and a lack of relevant skills. However, it is important to note that improving governance and development is still a challenging issue, and the impact of globalization should not be neglected. To maximize growth potential, Africa should focus on promoting trade, foreign direct investment, domestic capital formation, and urbanization. Overall, the impact of globalization on economic development in Africa is a complex issue that requires further investigation.
How Rethinking the international division of labour in the context of globalisation?5 answersRethinking the international division of labour in the context of globalization involves recognizing the compression of time and space in social relations, allowing the economy, politics, and culture of one country to penetrate another. Globalization has rendered obsolete the traditional divisions of the world into developed and developing countries, and has instead created a new structure that encompasses vertically integrated regional divisions of labour and horizontally diversified networks. This process of globalization has led to widespread structural disruptions and limits on state autonomy and sovereignty. The growth of a complex division of labour is closely associated with the rise of capitalism and industrialization processes. The concept of a "new economy" has emerged, transforming labor markets, work, and workplaces, and changing prospects for labor's agency and strategy. The great transformation of capitalism through neoliberal globalization has led to a countertransformation and large-scale recommodification, increasing inequality and pressuring trade unions. The center of global capital-labor contradictions and dynamics may be shifting to the South, potentially revitalizing labor movements and increasing international solidarity.
How does the division of labor for knowledge workers impact the quality of work?4 answersThe division of labor for knowledge workers has a significant impact on the quality of work. In the UK and Germany, changes to the wage structure and employment growth in knowledge jobs suggest a decline in the average quality of workers over time. In a laboratory experiment, groups that coordinate on an efficient division of labor achieve better outcomes, but there are adoption frictions and some groups coordinate on an inefficient division of labor due to a lack of understanding of what is most efficient. Additionally, the division of tasks among team members in knowledge production remains poorly understood, highlighting the need for further research in this area. Understanding the necessary knowledge work and its influence on the quality of work is crucial for knowledge workers in small and medium-sized enterprises, as it can impact business success.
What are the current trends in global inequality?3 answersGlobal inequality has shown different trends over time. While absolute inequality has been increasing almost continuously since 1950, global economic inequality has tended to decrease over the past three decades. However, intra-country inequality has increased in most countries, especially in advanced economies. Inequality has been decreasing among nations as traditionally poor countries' economies catch up with the West, but it has been steadily deepening within almost every nation. Since 2000, global inequality has declined, but inequality within individual countries has crept upward. Rising inequality is not an inevitable consequence of economic growth, and reducing inequality is seen as important for greater fairness and poverty reduction. The trends in inequality are influenced by various factors such as assets, returns to assets, private transfers, and state redistribution, which differ greatly by country and over time.