What factors contributed to the paradigm change in theology during the time of Lode Wostyn, CICM?5 answersThe paradigm change in theology during the time of Lode Wostyn, CICM was influenced by several factors. The shift from a market economy to a market society, the emergence of Technoscience as a new horizon, and the transformation of communication into the media as a dominant platform were key drivers of this change. Additionally, the need for theology to undergo an intercultural transformation, focusing on the intercultural as its formal object of study, played a significant role in reshaping theological perspectives. This shift towards intercultural theology emphasized the importance of knowledge as a texture of care and recognition, highlighting the crucial role of Language as a mediator of human existence and life in general.
Who is the founder of Christianity?5 answersPaul, as argued by Gerd Ludemann in his research, should be considered the founder of Christianity, not just its most influential proselytizer. Ludemann's extensive study concludes that Paul's teachings and influence were foundational to the religion that originated with Jesus of Nazareth. While the death and resurrection of Jesus are central to Christianity, the early imperial Christian history also highlights the legendary aspects surrounding Jesus, making it challenging to distinguish between the historical Jesus and the Christ of faith. Additionally, the development of Christianity from its early preaching to its recognition in the Roman Empire involved external challenges from a hostile world and internal struggles defining authentic doctrine amidst various heterodoxies, as studied by Mimouni and Maraval.
How's religion began?4 answersReligion began with ancient pantheism, which later differentiated and developed into an art-religion in Greece, where the truths about spirit were expressed through beauty. This art-religion eventually came to an end with the theatrical forms of tragedy and comedy, where the Greek gods gradually disappeared. The origins of religion can be traced back to the first burials around 90,000 years ago and the ethological signals communicated through cave art around 40,000 years ago. These signals and burials gradually evolved into notions of an Underworld and powerful dead, with signaling female figurines becoming amulets and idols. However, recent studies suggest that early ritual practices and belief in an afterlife cannot be endorsed, and theories of rituals during the lower and middle Palaeolithic belong to the realm of legend.
How did ancient Greek and Roman culture influence the development of Western civilization?5 answersThe ancient Greek and Roman culture had a significant influence on the development of Western civilization. The reception of classical Greek and Latin culture has been an important aspect of Western civilization since antiquity itself. The ancient Greek culture influenced contemporary literature genres, systems of philosophy, principles of architecture, sculpture, drama, astronomy, and mathematics. The art of ancient Greece, with its emphasis on beauty and clarity, has been an example of humanity's search for an aesthetic ideal. The Greeks were seen as the creators of civilization, and their culture provided powerful support for the notion of Europe's superiority over other continents, justifying imperialism and neo-colonialism. The attainments of Classical Greek civilization, such as democracy, agriculture, theater, and the arts, were a fusion of earlier European concepts and Hellenic ingenuity. Overall, ancient Greek and Roman culture laid the foundation for Western civilization, shaping its literature, philosophy, arts, and societal values.
What is the Council of minister in the Eu and how did it evolve over time?5 answersThe Council of Ministers in the EU is an institutional reaction to the dilemma of interdependence among European states while meeting the demands of contemporary electorates. It has evolved over time, with the number and complexity of decision-making procedures increasing. The Single European Act introduced new variations, giving some power to the European Parliament. The Treaty of Lisbon brought significant innovations to the Council, including double qualified majority voting and a new rotating Presidency scheme, aimed at improving efficiency, stability, and consistency. The power of the Council has varied accordingly, and the inter-institutional balance is an important factor to consider. The legislative function of the Council may have been influenced by these internal innovations and the re-balance among key institutions. The Council's evolution after the Lisbon Treaty can be evaluated by analyzing these internal innovations and inter-institutional re-balance.
What were the specific ways in which Greek culture influenced Christian literature and rhetoric?5 answersGreek culture had a significant influence on Christian literature and rhetoric. In the early period of Christianity, there were two attitudes towards Greek literature: hostility and openness. Some Christian authors, such as Justin the Martyr and Athenagoras of Athens, were open to Greek culture and philosophy, while others, like Tatian and Tertullian, were hostile towards it. The Second Sophistic, a period of flourishing Greek oratory, had a powerful influence on the beginning of Christian eloquence. The literature of the Second Sophistic was not merely clichéd speeches, but showed innovation and creative freedom, which influenced the development of Christian oratory. Greek culture played a significant role in the formation of Christian thought and the final development of the Christian religious tradition. Greek cultural tradition became an integral part of Christianity, leading to a transition from "Jewish" to "Hellenistic" Christianity. Christian apologists and authors made extensive use of Graeco-Roman mythology and pagan rhetorical techniques to create their own accounts, while also being influenced by Hellenistic Jewish sources. Christian literature eventually became co-extensive with Greek literature through a selective appropriation of traditional forms and techniques.