WHO article on deaths by cause, age,sex,country and region.2000-2019.Geneva?5 answersThe World Health Organization (WHO) has extensively analyzed cause-specific mortality data globally, regionally, and by country from 2000 to 2019. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies provide crucial insights into age- and sex-specific mortality trends, highlighting the shifts towards non-communicable diseases and injuries as major causes of death. Disparities in mortality rates across countries and regions have been observed, emphasizing the need for improved data quality and reporting standards to guide health policies effectively. The WHO's efforts focus on monitoring progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to child mortality, maternal mortality, non-communicable diseases, suicide, air pollution, road traffic injuries, and more. These analyses underscore the importance of reliable mortality data for informed decision-making and resource allocation in public health.
What is the prevalence of pneumonia in patient with near-drowning?5 answersThe prevalence of pneumonia in patients with near-drowning varies across the studies. Cerland et al. found that 15% of near-drowning patients developed early onset bacterial pneumonia. Indriyani reported a case of aspiration pneumonia due to nonfatal drowning. Robert et al. described the microorganisms isolated in seawater drowning-associated pneumonia and found that 49% of drowned patients were diagnosed with early pneumonia. Fouquet et al. reported a case of Aeromonas pneumonia associated with near-drowning. Assink-de Jong et al. studied drowning-associated pneumonia in 18 patients and found that 89% of the microorganisms cultured from patients with pneumonia were also found in water samples. Overall, the prevalence of pneumonia in near-drowning patients ranges from 9% to 49% depending on the study.
WHO. (2019d) ‘World malaria report 2019’. Geneva: World Health Organization, pp. 1-185. www.who.int/malaria.?5 answersThe World Malaria Report 2019 by the World Health Organization provides comprehensive information on the global burden of malaria. The report highlights that malaria remains a significant concern worldwide, with the highest number of cases and deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Children under the age of five are particularly vulnerable to malaria-related mortality. Efforts to fight malaria have faced challenges due to declining international funding. However, AI-backed technology has shown promise in revolutionizing malaria detection and diagnosis, particularly in resource-constrained regions. The report emphasizes the importance of sustained surveillance and strengthening of public health interventions to reduce the spread of malaria. Overall, the World Malaria Report 2019 provides valuable insights into the global epidemiology of malaria and serves as a guide for efforts to combat this disease.
WHO (World Health Organization)?3 answersThe World Health Organization (WHO) is an international organization established in 1948 with the goal of promoting global health and coordinating international health work. It is responsible for providing guidance and advice on public health issues, preventing disease, and promoting the highest attainable standard of health for all. WHO has proposed reporting systems for various medical conditions, such as the pancreatobiliary tract, lung, lymph node, and soft tissue, to improve categorization of specimens and management. The organization has also played a crucial role in cancer pain management, introducing the analgesic ladder as a sequential approach to analgesic escalation. However, WHO has faced challenges to its institutional legitimacy and authority, particularly during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and calls for reforms in financing, governance, norms, human rights, and equity have emerged. Despite these challenges, WHO remains an important actor in international public health, working in collaboration with other organizations to improve global health and well-being.
What are the case about drowning?5 answersDrowning cases are described in several of the abstracts. One case involves a 55-year-old man who was found comatose after a near drowning incident. Another case discusses a patient who initially showed good recovery but later died from necrotising pneumonia. The stages of the drowning process and the duration and physiological responses associated with each stage are explored in a short review. A paper by Modell comments on the use of steroids and antibiotics in near-drowning treatment, stating that their effectiveness is questionable based on recent studies. Lastly, a chapter discusses drowning accidents that give rise to legal claims and the various aspects involved, including damage to victims and liability issues for rescuers.
What is the World Health Organization recommendation for suicide prevention?5 answersThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a comprehensive approach to suicide prevention. This includes individual-level interventions by mental health clinicians, such as reliable and valid assessment measures, safety planning, and providing "caring contacts" to patients at risk for suicide after hospital discharge or missed appointments. Public health strategies for suicide prevention involve means restriction, reducing harmful substance use, responsible media reporting, public-awareness campaigns, gatekeeper trainings, school-based interventions, crisis helplines, and postvention. The WHO report "Preventing suicide: a global imperative" provides guidance for countries to design efficient strategic programs for suicide prevention. The report suggests that a well-designed national strategy for suicide prevention should have at least twelve components, including early identification and effective management of mental health and alcohol disorders. Healthcare services are advised to incorporate suicide prevention as a core component of their work and improve the quality of care for people seeking help.