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Why do people exercise violence at mass events? 


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People may exercise violence at mass events due to various factors. Research suggests that violence can be a learned behavior, influenced by modeling from adults and peers . Mass gatherings, often associated with civil disobedience, pose a risk of turning violent, with only a subset escalating to violence . Factors like social rejection, exposure to violent media, and aggressive tendencies can contribute to heightened aggression, especially in vulnerable individuals like college students . Additionally, the threat of violent sabotage during mass gatherings is a growing concern, with unpredictable acts of violence challenging security and medical preparedness . Understanding triggering factors and predicting violent crowd behavior can aid in identifying potential violence at mass events and implementing preventive measures.

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Social rejection (bullying) and exposure to violent video games can synergistically influence aggressive behaviors in individuals at risk of committing mass violence at events.
People exercise violence at mass events due to disagreements or anger towards the event or attendees. Sabotage targets groups with similar interests, posing challenges for security and medical responders.
Not addressed in the paper.
Violent security incidents at mass events are often linked to terrorism globally, as observed in the micro-study. These acts are defined as terrorist attacks or attempted terrorist attacks.
Crowds turn violent at mass events due to triggering factors uncovered by CrowdForecaster, a multi-instance learning model, analyzing data from Latin America to predict and understand violent protests.

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