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Why does s wave have lower frequency than p wave?

Vertical seismic profile

Coherence (physics)

Coherence length

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S-waves generally have lower frequencies than P-waves. The main frequency of pure S-waves is usually lower than that of pure P-waves, while the main frequency of downgoing converted S-waves is close to that of P-waves . This difference in frequency can be attributed to the characteristics of wave propagation in the Earth. Studies have shown that the coherence of teleseismic P and S waves degrades at higher frequencies, with S-wave coherence being relatively less robust . Additionally, the apparent radiation pattern of S-waves becomes significantly distorted for frequencies higher than 3-5 Hz, showing an almost isotropic pattern rather than the characteristic four-lobe pattern . These observations suggest that the generation of S-waves in earthquakes and explosions is influenced by various factors, including wave conversion and surface effects .

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Open access Empirical observations of earthquake-explosion discrimination using p/s ratios and implications for the sources of explosion s-waves William R. Walter, Eric Matzel, Michael E. Pasyanos, David B. Harris, Rengin Gök, Sean R. Ford - Show less +5 more 28 Jun 2007 46 Citations	The provided paper does not directly address why S-waves have lower frequency than P-waves.
Open access•Journal Article Frequency and distance changes in the apparent P-wave and S-wave radiation pattern Manabu Kobayashi, Shunsuke Takemura, Kazuo Yoshimoto - Show less +2 more 01 May 2015-Japan Geoscience Union 1 Citations	The provided paper does not explain why S waves have lower frequency than P waves. The paper focuses on the differences in the apparent radiation patterns of P and S waves at high frequencies.
Journal Article•DOI Pure S-waves in land P-wave source VSP data Liu Yang, Zhang Qinghong, Bao Leiying, Wei Xiucheng - Show less +3 more 11 Sep 2007-Applied Geophysics 12 Citations	The paper states that the main frequency of pure S-waves is usually lower than pure P-waves, but it does not provide an explanation for why this is the case.
Journal Article•DOI Coherence of Teleseismic P and S waves across the Transportable Array Charles A. Langston 01 Oct 2014-Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 3 Citations	The provided paper does not directly address why S waves have lower frequency than P waves.

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