Write on the prevalence of hyperglycemia among university students with references?
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The prevalence of hyperglycemia among university students varies across studies. In a study conducted in Indonesia, 4 males and 5 females had fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels ≥ 100 mg/dl, while others were within normal limits . Another study found that 14.6% of respondents had a glucose value above the reference value, with 2.4% having values greater than 7 mmol/L without being diagnosed with diabetes . Additionally, a study on female students in Saudi Arabia aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and found that prediabetes, a condition where blood glucose levels are above normal but not high enough to be called diabetes, was present in the population . These findings highlight the need for further research on hyperglycemia among university students to better understand its prevalence and associated risk factors.
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| The prevalence of hyperglycemia among university students is 14.6%, with 2.4% having values greater than 7 mmol/L without being diagnosed with diabetes. (Georgiev et al., 2019) | |
| The provided paper does not mention the prevalence of hyperglycemia among university students. | |
| The provided paper does not specifically mention the prevalence of hyperglycemia among university students. The paper focuses on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in university students. | |
07 Nov 2018 | The provided paper does not specifically mention the prevalence of hyperglycemia among university students. |
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Write on sleep patterns as risk factor forprevalence of hyperglycemia among university students with references?5 answersPoor sleep patterns, including inadequate sleep duration, poor sleep quality, and irregular sleep times, have been linked to an increased risk of metabolic disorders among university students. Studies have shown that university students with poor sleep quality have a higher probability of developing metabolic syndrome and hyperglycemia. Additionally, night-to-night variability in sleep patterns can lead to circadian disruption, contributing to cardiometabolic risk factors like hyperglycemia. The association between sleep patterns and hyperglycemia is further supported by evidence linking inadequate sleep duration and sleep disturbances to an elevated risk of diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism. Therefore, addressing and improving sleep patterns among university students is crucial in reducing the prevalence of hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders.
Pathophysiology for hyperglycemia?4 answersHyperglycemia's pathophysiology involves various mechanisms. Chronic overnutrition can lead to insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, progressing to diabetes due to oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In the inpatient setting, hyperglycemia is linked to poor outcomes, emphasizing insulin as the preferred treatment with standardized protocols for effective management. Older adults with type 2 diabetes face challenges due to aging-related physiological changes, complicating the disease's pathophysiology. Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes contributes to microvascular and macrovascular complications through increased polyol pathway flux, advanced glycation end-products, protein kinase C activation, and mitochondrial superoxide overproduction. Postprandial hyperglycemia plays a crucial role in diabetes-related complications, emphasizing the need to lower both postprandial and fasting glucose levels for optimal outcomes.
Classification or types of hyperglycemia?4 answersHyperglycemia can be classified into different types. The National Diabetes Data Group defines four major types of diabetes: insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) or type I diabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) or type II diabetes, gestational diabetes (GDM), and other types of diabetes. In hospitalized subjects, hyperglycemia can be categorized as known diabetes (D), newly discovered diabetes (ND), or stress hyperglycemia (SH). The American Diabetes Association (ADA) now recommends classifying diabetes based on underlying mechanisms rather than treatment of hyperglycemia. The pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic complications and metabolic disorders resulting from hyperglycemia include the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), insulinopenia, counterregulatory hormone secretion, catabolic processes, synthesis of ketone bodies, retinal vascular changes, glomerular basement membrane changes, and activation of the polyol pathway. Hyperosmolar nonketotic hyperglycemia is a medical emergency most commonly seen in middle-aged or elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes.
What is the definition of hyperglycemia?4 answersHyperglycemia is a condition characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood. It is defined as a fasting glucose level higher than 7 mmol/l (> 126 mg/dl) or a random glucose level higher than 11.1 mmol/l (> 200 mg/dl). Hyperglycemia can be an initial sign of diabetes mellitus or its complications, or it can be a complication of other diseases. It can lead to hyperglycemic crisis, which includes diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HSS). Hyperglycemia is associated with increased hospital mortality in critically ill patients and poor clinical outcomes in patients admitted to general hospital wards. Experimental work has shown that hyperglycemia can cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, leading to cardiovascular complications. In vitro studies have demonstrated that hyperglycemia affects erythrocytes, causing oxidative stress and morphological changes.
What are the causes of hyperglycemia?5 answersHyperglycemia can be caused by various factors. The most common cause is diabetes mellitus, which includes type 1 and type 2 diabetes as well as monogenic diabetes. In hospitalized patients, hyperglycemia can be caused by illness-related metabolic stress, parenteral nutrition, and pharmacotherapy. Workplace pollutants, unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking and drinking, and aging can also contribute to hyperglycemia. In medical and surgical inpatients, inadequate prescribing, monitoring, and communication practices are often responsible for hyperglycemia. In extensive wounds and generalized surgical infection, hyperglycemia can result from inhibition of insulin formation, decreased insulin binding to cellular receptors, and defects in insulin-receptor interaction. Overall, the causes of hyperglycemia are multifactorial and can vary depending on the underlying condition or situation.
How hyperglycaemia affect cognitive functon?5 answersHyperglycemia has been shown to have a negative impact on cognitive function. Studies have demonstrated that both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia can lead to altered brain structure and neurocognitive function in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Hyperglycemia in DM is associated with cognitive deficits across multiple domains, including impaired executive function and mental health. Recurrent mild to moderate hypoglycemia in DM has also been linked to intellectual decline, reduced attention, impaired mental abilities, and memory deficits. The mechanisms underlying hyperglycemia-related cognitive dysfunction include macro- and microvascular disease, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and neuro-inflammation. Chronic hyperglycemia can cause oxidative stress, amyloidosis, angiopathy, abnormal lipid peroxidation, and neuronal degeneration in the cortex and hippocampus. Effective glycemic control is crucial for protecting brain function, as the brain relies on circulatory blood glucose for continuous energy provision. In conclusion, hyperglycemia can have detrimental effects on cognitive function in individuals with DM, highlighting the importance of glycemic control in preserving brain health.