Showing papers on "Abbreviated Injury Scale published in 1979"

Classification of injury severity by length of stay in hospital

Abstract: For some time the need for more consistent, more realistic and more complete reporting of injury severity in the national road accident statistics has been recognised. The study reported, which was based on over 3600 casualties seen at one large accident hospital in Berkshire, examines the use of length of stay as a simple objective criterion of severity for use in this context, by non-medical personnel. Length of stay has been related to clinical severity as defined by the abbreviated injury scale (AIS). A simple three-category classification is suggested: not detained, detained for less than 3 nights, and detained for 3 nights or more. An examination of the under-reporting of casualties to the police is also made. In the area covered nearly 30 per cent of casualties were not reported to the police, the degree of under-reporting being greater for pedestrians and two-wheeler riders than for vehicle occupants. /Author/TRRL/

Indexes of severity: underlying concepts--a reply.

Abstract: A recent paper on the concepts underlying six indexes of severity that have been proposed for health services research claimed to identify deficiencies in each. A close examination reveals that the criticisms are generally without substance, and that the claim that the indexes "violate some of the principles implied by their formulation" is in error. Most of the objections apparently stem from fundamental confusion concerning the use of such indexes. Two of the indexes in question, the Abbreviated Injury Scale AIS) and the Injury Severity Score (ISS), have been validated and are being used widely both in the United States and elsewhere as the principal descriptors of trauma in motor vehicle crashes. The use of these indexes has contributed significantly to motor vehicle crash research and to the improvements in vehicles and highways that are reducing the trauma resulting from such crashes.

SPH-4 helmet damage and head injury correlation.

Abstract: Human tolerance to head impact was assessed by correlating the force levels required to duplicate damage seen in 14 SPH-4 aviator helmets retrieved from U.S. Army helicopter crashes with resulting head injury. Head injury occurred at peak acceleration levels far below 400 G, which is the value currently used by the U.S. Army as the pass-fail criterion in evaluating the impact attenuation performance of prospective aircrew helmets. Concussive head injuries occurred below Severity Index values of 1500 and below Head Injury Criterion values of 1000. These are considered concussive threshold values by the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment and by the Department of Transportation, respectively. Because peak transmitted force was the best estimator of the Abbreviated Injury Scale values assigned to the 14 cases, it may be a more effective criterion to use in the evaluation of helmet impact attenuation performance than is peak G, Severity Index, or Head Injury Criterion. Language: en

Injury mechanisms to fully restrained occupants

Abstract: This paper presents selected data from a year long study by the McGill University Accident Investigation Team of 74 accident cases where one or more fully restrained (lap and shoulder) occupants of the vehicles received injuries of level 2 or greater on the Overall Abbreviated Injury Scale (OAIS). Predominant accident mechanisms in each OAIS category and several areas of particular safety-related interest are discussed. Narratives of cases are included where the retraint system apparently caused or increased the severity of the injury. Recommendations to improve occupant protection are provided.