Showing papers on "Assemblage (archaeology) published in 1991"

Clovis Technology at the Anzick Site, Montana

Abstract: This paper discusses our interpretation of Clovis lithic technology based on analysis of the assemblage from the Anzick site (Fig. 1) in southwestern Montana.

Prehistory of the Oregon Coast: The Effects of Excavation Strategies and Assemblage Size on Archaeological Inquiry

Abstract: Project History, Purpose, and Setting. A Critical History of Archaeological Research on the Oregon Coast. Sampling, Sample Size, and Artifact Assemblage Size and Richness in Oregon Coast Archaeological Sites. Adaptational Strategies in Coastal Environments. Archaeology of Umpqua/Eden. Archaeology of Seal Rock. Archaeology of Whale Cove. Late Prehistoric Adaptational Strategies on the Oregon Coast. Final Issues and Conclusions. Appendices. References. Index.

Characteristics of a terrestrial small mammal assemblage in a temperate rainforest in Chile

Abstract: Small mammal population fluctuations and aspects of demography were studied over more than 4 years on two 0.81 ha live-trapping grids in a precordilleran primary growth temperate rainforest in southern Chile. Seven species of sigmodontine rodents plus a putative hybrid, and two marsupials were trapped; the majority of recaptures were of four sigmodontine species: Akodon o/ivaceus, A. longipilis, A. sanborni, and Oryzomys longicaudatus. Maximum numbers occurred in January-July (late summer to winter months) and minimum in August-December (late winter to early summer months). Annual A. olivaceus numbers fluctuated strongly whereas A. longipilis and A. sanborni remained relatively stable. Numbers of 0. longicaudatus were sporadic and irruptive. Reproduction was predominantly seasonal, in spring to fall months (September-April) for all species; most recruitment of young occurred in January-May for Akodon, but was apparently unrelated to reproduction in 0. longicaudatus. Akodon had high 30-day survival rates and some individuals lived over two years; survival rates were generally low for 0. longicaudatus. Additional livetrapping on peripheral lines suggested that movements of A. olivaceus during a period of population decline were predominantly unidirectional, but bidirectional for A. longipilis when their numbers were relatively stable. Comparisons with precordilleran Argentine forest sharing principal small mammal and dominant tree species indicates that both assemblages are similar in species diversity, densities, and in the chronology of reproduction and population change, but Chilean forests are dissimilar in being dominated by omnivorousAkodon, and O. longicaudatus. Historically, immigration from nearby forest areas may have resulted in greater homogeneity of small mammal assemblages in Chilean rainforests than in Argentine forests where immigrations from adjacent forests have been more restricted. Compositional differences in the faunas of the two forest regions appear to have been present over at least the last 10,000 yr.

Ceramic Change in Ethnoarchaeological Perspective: A Kalinga Case Study

Abstract: CERAMIC CHANGE LIES at the core of archaeological research, as a reflection of cultural change that leaves visible traces in the archaeological record. Ceramics are the most sensitive class of artifacts for studying prehistoric change, especially when the change occurs over a short time period. Ceramic change has been studied in the archaeological records of myriad culture areas, yet basic issues regarding rates of change and their causes remain poorly understood and require additional archaeo­ logical and ethnoarchaeological study. Ceramic change is embedded within the context of a culture's social and cognitive system (Adams 1989: 62). This is problematic for archaeologists, who recover frag­ mentary evidence at best for social and economic aspects of change. In spite of continuing debates over the uses of analogy in archaeology (e.g., Gould and Watson 1982; Wylie 1985), ethnoarchaeology provides one strategy for investigating the variety of factors responsible for ceramic change. Such an approach assumes a basic similarity between observed changes in contemporary material culture systems and the processes responsible for ceramic change viewed in the archaeological record (cf. Arnold 1987). Ethnoarchaeological research builds foundations for archaeological interpretation by attempting to understand the entire sociocultural context in which these ceramic changes occur. This study consists of two sections: a comparative discussion of factors behind, and manifestations of, ceramic change, and the presentation of Kalinga ceramic change as an ethnoarchaeological case study. The latter section focuses on a com­ munity in part of Kalinga-Apayao Province in the Northern Philippines (Fig. 1). Changes in the contemporary Kalinga ceramic assemblage in the last twenty-five years are described, and the dynamic sociopolitical context of the change is ex­ plored. The focus of the case study is on technical and stylistic modifications of the water jar (immosso) and on the emergence of a suite of nontraditional forms known as "toys" or ay-ayam.

Excavations at Jawa, 1972-1986 : stratigraphy, pottery and other finds

Abstract: Stratigraphy the pottery stamped, incised and painted designs the chipped stone assemblage microwear analysis other finds rock art and inscriptions. Appendices: the Jawa area in prehistory faunal remains from Khallat'Anaza a note on the early pottery.

First record of ordovician conodonts from southwestern sardinia

Abstract: A first illustration of Ordovician conodonts from Sardinia is briefly given. The assemblage, belonging to the HDS biofacies, indicates an early-middle Ashgillian age.

Interchangeable and detachable earring assemblage

Abstract: There is disclosed a decorative interchangeable and detachable earring assemblage comprising individual and separable earring units which can all be of the same size and shape or of different sizes and shapes enabling the earring units to be mixed or matched depending on the fashion mood of the wearer.

Stochastic Processes and Optimization Problems in Assemblage Systems

Abstract: Assemblage systems e.g. arise from production systems, where k different pieces are delivered by k parallel production lines. At some place this pieces are assembled in order to form the desired good, taking exactly one piece from every of the k single lines. According to random fluctuations of the production process parallel queues are formed by single pieces waiting to be processed at the assemblage station. If one neglects the time needed to transform a complete group of k different parts into the final assembled good, a pure assemblage system emerges. It is always possible, to separate an assemblage system into two stages: firstly a pure assemblage system, followed by a queueing system with a single waiting line of complete sets of k pieces. In this paper pure assemblage systems are considered. If such systems have unlimited waiting-room for each line, an equilibrium distribution of queue lenghts never exists. Therefore control measures such as limitation of the waiting-room or partial reduction of production speed are taken and give raise to various optimization problems. With few exceptions, such problems seem to be rather difficult for k > 2 production lines.

The Spore-pollen Assemblage of the Holocene Sediments and its Significance in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain

Abstract: According to the result of polynological analysis of the Holocene sediments of six wells in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou plain, this paper divides the sediments into six spore-pollen assemblage zones of different characters. From the bottom to the top in the Holocene sediments of this region these spore-pollen assemblage zones may be showed as following: (1) Pinus-Quercus-Gramineae assemblage. (2) Quercus-Pinus-Gramineae-Chenopodiaceae assemblage. (3) Q. glanca-Castanopsis-Quercus-Chenopodiaceae assemblage. (4) Pinus-Quercus-Grarnineae-Chenopodiaceae assemblage. (5) Querous-Q. glanca-Castanopsis-Gramineae assemblage. (6) Quercus-Gramineae-Polypodlaceae assemblage. A conclusion can be drawn from the analysis of these spore-pollens that there had been six successive stages of plaeovegetation and plaeo-climate since the late Pleistocene in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou plain. It provides edvidence for the division of strata age in this region.

"Invisible" Archaeological Deposits at Small Milling Sites

Abstract: If we are to more completely understand the development of the native cultures of the California coast, we must have more and better chronological data on which to base our interpretations The most powerful chronological tool we have continues to be radiocarbon dating Carefully selected, analyzed, and interpreted radiocarbon dates help us refine our chronologies by placing cultural developments in a more precise temporal framework They also provide valuable data on shifts in settlement and demography through time (see Glassow et al 1988) Despite these obvious facts, there are many important archaeological collections or sites that have never been radiocarbon dated, or that remain inadequately dated So many sites in California are threatened by erosion, vandalism, or development that collecting more and better chronological data should be an urgent priority Fortunately, CA-SMI-1 is not threatened by erosion or development It is, however, one of the few archaeological sites on San Miguel Island for which significant excavation data are available Two radiocarbon dates from the middle levels of the midden suggest that at least two separate occupations of the site took place, one about 7,000 years ago and another beginning about 3,350 years ago As is often the case, further dating and detailed research are needed to place the archaeological assemblage from CASMI- 1 in a more refined cultural and ecological framework

PALEOZOIC STIKINE ASSEMBLAGE IN THE ISKUT IRIVER P,ND CHUTINE RIVER REGIONS, NORTHWESTERN BRITISII-I COLU MBIA (104B/ll, 12; 104F/9, 16)

Abstract: Grulo,yira/ Fieldnvrk 1991, Paper 1YY2-I Alaska suggest that metamorph c rocks west of and within the Coast Belt are correlative with the Yukc n-Tanana Nisling terranes (e.g., Gehrels er a/ . , 1950, in xess; Garzau, 1991; Rubin and Saleehy, 1991; Samson el a / . . l')91; McClelland er al., in press; Fitlure 1-17-1). Although ths: juvenile Sm-Nd isotopic signatt re of the Stil ine Terrars: is distinguished from the evolved signature c t aracteristi': of the Yukon-Tanana Terrane (San~,son er a/., I )91), 1Md:lelland and Mattinson (1991) s.1ggested thkt the Stikin,z assemblage may be partly corrdative with nid-Pileozoi: rocks in the Yukon-Tanana Tenme. Fieldwork during 1991 foctis8i:d on pre-Pel mian rock:; of the Stikine Terrane to estaidi:;h and cornlare the age, character and geologic relation5,hips of the : tikinian basement with the Yukon-Tanana Terrane in southeastem Alaska. Permian and older rock!. of the Stiki le assembhg: were examined in the Chutin:: River and Forrest Kerr regions and south of the lskul River to p ~ w i d e a stratigraphic and structural framework for ;geoct ronologic ;Inti