Showing papers on "Bellows published in 1976"

Apparatus for measuring pressure–volume–temperature relationships of polymers to 350 °C and 2200 kg/cm2

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the specific volume of solid and liquid polymers as a function of pressure (to 2200 kg/cm2) and temperature (30–350 °C) has been constructed. It is based on Bridgman’s bellows method and makes use of a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) mounted outside the pressure vessel to measure the length changes of the bellows. The off‐null output of the LVDT drives a digital indicator, displaying length changes with an accuracy of 0.01 mm, corresponding to a volume change of 10−3 cm3. Typical samples weigh about 2 g. Volume changes of the sample are calculated from the bellows displacement using the pvT properties of the confining mercury, and by using a calibration function determined in a separate experiment. This apparatus is capable of measuring specific volume changes of polymers with an accuracy of 0.001–0.002 cm3/g. Results for a commercial polystyrene in the glassy and liquid states are given.

Flexible interstage turbine spacer

Abstract: An interstage spacer for the turbine section of a gas turbine engine is provided with a flexible bellows which absorbs axial growth of the adjacent turbine stages to prevent seizing and binding.

Pressure sensor apparatus for non-invasively communicating pressure inside a body to the exterior thereof

Abstract: A pressure sensor for indicating pressure in the animal or human body, such as intracranial pressure, including a housing, a bellows contained within the housing, a body pressure sensing tambour for placing the bellows in communication with pressure in the body so that the pressure will cause the bellows to move as a function of the pressure, output means, such as a radioactive source and associated shielding, contained within the housing and associated with the bellows for providing an output which is a function of the movement of the bellows, and a receiver, such as a radiation detector, located external to the body to receive the output and provide data indicative of the pressure in the body. The pressure sensor includes means associated with the bellows to enable in vivo calibration of the pressure sensor after implantation by establishing a preselected output condition during calibration. An ambient pressure sensing tambour is associated with the bellows for compensating for ambient pressure variations. The bellows is resilient, made of a material and shape which has 100% memory of elastic deformation and has a wall thickness of less than 0.001 inch, in order to provide an output which accurately reflects the pressure being monitored. The bellows has a spring rate which is substantially greater than the spring rate of the pressure sensing and ambient pressure compensating tambours thereby making the pressure sensor essentially insensitive to temperature variations.

System powered actuating means for butterfly type damper

Abstract: A conduit with inlet and discharge ends respectively for receiving a supply of air under pressure and for delivering the air at a lower pressure has a cylindrical configuration and an eliptical butterfly type damper is disposed diagonally therein. The damper turns about an axis intermediate its diagonally opposite ends and the oncoming air stream thus impinges on the upstream face of the damper on opposite sides of the axis and creates a differential force, the said differential force tending to close the damper and constituting a first closing force. A second closing force for the damper is provided by a small bellows supplied with air through a small conduit from the downstream side of an orifice member disposed in the main conduit upstream of the damper. A second and substantially larger bellows serves to open the damper and a small conduit connects the said bellows with a controller supplied with air from an upstream side of the orifice member in the main conduit. The controller regulates pressure in the large bellows as determined by a pressure drop signal across the orifice member and a thermostat. The thermostat vents air from the controller to reduce large bellows pressure for damper closing operation and, conversely, the large bellows is pressurized to cause the butterfly damper to move in the opening direction.

Kitchen scoop and plunger

Abstract: A combination scoop and plunger for corralling refuse in a kitchen sink and forcing it through the drain opening into the garbage disposal area, comprising a single molded plastic scoop and bellows arrangement, having within its hollow portion a hollow plunger whose neck portion is removably connected to the upper portion of the bellows and which may be provided with cleanser that can be dispensed therefrom. When the bellows are collapsed, the bottom portion of the plunger contacts the refuse, forcing it through the drain opening.

Axial compression powder dispenser

Abstract: A dispenser for dry powders, and in particular for fire extinguishing powders, formed as a container having a handle/nozzle section to be gripped by one hand, a hand gripping section to be gripped by the other hand, and a central bellows section for alternate axial compression and expansion to pump the powder from the container and thereby to discharge it in repeated cloud-like bursts. By regulating the quantity of powder in the dispenser and the powder dispensing opening it is possible to repeatedly discharge fire extinguishing effective amounts of a fire extinguishing powder. In one preferred embodiment the handle/nozzle section is configured as an elongated conical member.

Support appliances having articulated sections

Abstract: A support appliance, such as a bed, having an articulated head section is disclosed in which the head section is raisable pneumatically using a bellows and the appliance includes a pneumatic control valve which automatically feeds air to the bellows to compensate for air losses inadvertently occurring in the system and thereby maintains the head section in a predetermined raised attitude.

Bellows seal valve

Abstract: An improved bellows valve is disclosed having a relatively long bellows attached at one end to the valve control stem and at its other end to a recessed bellows mounting in the valve bonnet. The recessed attachment permits the use of a relatively long bellows with a valve bonnet of minimal size and mass and permits a wide valve opening with a relatively small valve port. Such a small valve port requires a low closing force for the stem and the use of a wide opening resists clogging. An anti-torque member connected between the valve bonnet and the valve stem prevents stem rotation to isolate the bellows from undesirble rotation during the axial stem and bellows movement.

Control device for medical and surgical uses

Abstract: A control device in implantable sub-cutaneously for use in medicine and surgery. It is actuable by pressing on a sub-cutaneous membrane. It comprises a first chamber closed by the membrane which is placed on one surface of its casing and contains an incompressible fluid, and a second chamber, containing a gas and housing two coaxial bellows connected at their free ends. One of the bellows communicates with the first chamber and the second bellows communicates with a flexible duct going to the duct or cavity to be controlled.

Floating head encoder

Abstract: An optical encoder design is disclosed which maintains a constant fixed air gap between the commutator and light sensors. The encoder head is mounted on a partially compressed hollow bellows or other spring member biasing snubber posts adjacent to the light sensors against tracks on the commutator. The height of the snubber posts above the light sensors defines the air gap.

Gravity actuated thermal motor

Abstract: A gravity actuated thermal motor which includes a rotor preferably in the form of a ring-shaped annulus which is filled with water. A plurality of collapsible bellows are connected to and extend inwardly from the outer peripheral wall of the annulus into the water-filled chamber. In communication with each of the bellows and extending outwardly from the outer peripheral wall of the annulus are a plurality of refrigerant-containing tanks, one tank being in communication with the interior portion of one bellows. A source of heat in the form of a hot water trough is positioned at the lower portion of the rotor so as to be intercepted by the refrigerant containers upon rotation of the annulus. The vapor produced by the volatile refrigerant expands the bellows and a locking device secures the bellows fully extended on the ascending side of the annulus. An automatic lock release is positioned near the top of the path of travel to release the bellows to enable same to contract during the time that the bellows at the bottom position is expanding. The constantly expanded bellows on the ascending side of the annulus ensures that the water within the annulus remains on the descending side to thereby impart rotary motion to the annulus which may be coupled out via a centrally positioned shaft.

Thermostatically controlled mixing valve - has compensating spool built into main spool to allow for supply pressure fluctuations

Abstract: A thermostatically controlled regulating valve for constant temperature mixing of water has a pressure compensating stage to minimise the effects of supply pressure fluctuations. The main mixing control is effected by two orifices formed by the displacement of a floating valve poppet positioned by a bimetallic bellows stack operating against a coil compression spring. Temperature setting is dependent upon the position of a disc coupled to a spindle that may be moved axially by rotation of the input setting knob. Two supply valves for hot and cold are actuated by a lever operated actuator sleeve. Hot and cold water flows separately over the control orifices from separate paths through a pressure compensating spool in the valve base.

Hydraulic fluid reservoir for a closed hydraulic system

Abstract: A vertically oriented air-tight bellows has its lower end connected to an opening in the top of the reservoir by an air-tight connection. A cover closes the upper end of the bellows and has secured thereto a fill inlet in communication with the interior of the bellows and carrying a removable cap. Vertical guide means guide the bellows in substantially vertical movement. Advantageously the bellows have means for lifting upwardly the upper end of the bellows and means for holding the bellows in an upwardly expanded position for filling. Preferably the cap for the fill inlet is transparent to permit viewing the hydraulic fluid in the bellows. A preferred embodiment has means to sight the position of the top of the bellows and a manually actuated bleed valve to vent gas from the interior of the bellows. A housing for the bellows is provided for situations where exposure to dirt particles is substantial. The capacity of an individual bellows may be varied widely and, if desired, overall capacity may be increased by employing a plurality of bellows.

Gas lift system

Abstract: A casing pressured operated, variable orifice valve is employed as the operating valve in a single point injection well assembly with tubing pressure (fluid) operated unloading valves acting above the operating valve to provide a continuous flow system. The operating valve includes a throttling range which extends between optimum injection gas pressure levels based on the amount of injection gas pressure available at the well head to thereby increase the overall efficiency of the system. The variable orifice valve includes a pressure charged bellows and a coil spring in series to produce a linear resultant load rate which in turn cooperates with contoured closure surfaces in the valve to produce a linear relationship between orifice size and injection gas pressure. Gas is thus injected into the production column or tubing at a rate which is linearly related primarily to the casing pressure with the throttling range of the operating valve producing a broad response in the gas injection rate. The injection rate is surface regulated by controlling the injection gas pressure at the well head.

Bellows sealing arrangement

Abstract: A bellows arrangement for forming a gas leakage resistant pressure seal between ceramic heat exchange tubes has an elongated metallic bellows defining a central passageway with first and second ends. A metallic tube passes through the bellows and freely moves with respect to the second end of the bellows while defining a gas chamber between the tube and bellows. Axial expansion of the bellows under the influence of the internal pressure when such pressure is higher than the external pressure which may be the atmosphere acts to apply a force at the interface between the bellows assembly and the ceramic heat exchange tube which is proportional to the internal pressure of the heat exchange tube, thereby accommodating movement of the heat exchange tube and providing a pressure seal that is leak resistant.

Optical transmission cable

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a cable which is hard to repture even at high temperature by protecting the cable with a pipe formed in bellows form by welding flexed pipe. COPYRIGHT: (C)1978,JPO&Japio

Vacuum safety valve

Abstract: A vacuum safety valve comprises a closed cylindrical valve body having one end connected to a system to be evacuated, and a tube extending from the side wall to a vacuum pumping system. The other end of the valve body includes a port connected to ambient air through a solenoid operated valve which is normally open when de-energized. An extendable bellows is secured about the port on the inside of the valve body, and the distal end of the bellows is sealed by a plate having a small bleed hole in the edge thereof. Should the pumping system fail, the solenoid valve is deactuated to open the bellows interior to ambient air. The air pressure expands the bellows and drives the plate against the interior port to seal off the system side of the valve before the vacuum therein is destroyed.

Bellows pleated, synthetic tube enclosed in tubular net - as synthetic casings for feeder of sausage filling machine

Abstract: A synthetic tube gathered together in accordion or bellows pleats, intended for use as synthetic casings, and to be slid on to the feeder spindle of a sausage filling machine, is enclosed in a tubular net for transport and storage, which is removed at the same time as the casing tube is fitted During the operation of gathering the synthetic tube into its pleats, a disc of rigid material such as board or plastic is fitted at each end of the tube and the whole is enclosed in the tubular net When the tubular net has been opened, the gathered up casing tube can be slipped on to the meat delivery spindle from either end, all the way, without trouble

Internally insulated bellows assembly

Abstract: An internally insulated bellows assembly for providing a flexible transition between internally and externally insulated components of a high temperature fluid pressure system comprises an annular bellows having first and second end portions, a cylindrical shield disposed in spaced, concentric relation within the bellows and coextensive therealong to provide an annular cavity therebetween The shield has first and second end portions with the first end portions being connected to the first end portion of the bellows and with the second end portion being disposed in spaced radial relationship inwardly from the second end portion of the bellows to provide a predetermined radial gap therebetween Loose fill insulation material is disposed within the cavity to a point adjacent the second end portion of the shield in filling relation within the internal convolutions of the bellows An annular ring of constrained insulation sized for close fitting receipt within the cavity is provided for closing the gap between the end portions of the shield and the bellows

Vacuum interrupter with bellows dampener

Abstract: Apparatus for improving the life of metallic bellows used in a hermetically sealed device having a movable element therein such as, vacuum relays and circuit breakers. The convolutions of the metal bellows are filled by a silicone dielectric gel for an axial length including several such convolutions adjacent to the movable end of the bellows, thereby to damp axial mechanical vibrations and prevent excessive stress build-up in the bellows portions adjacent to the moveable end.

Method of refrigeration and refrigeration apparatus

Abstract: A miniature open circuit refrigerator of the Joule-Thompson type, functions as a demand cryostat by virtue of a pressure-operated refrigerant supply control. The refrigerant fluid under high pressure is introduced at a first relatively rapid flow rate into the cryostat through a calibrated opening that is fully open during the initial or start-up period of the device, for rapid cool down. This calibrated opening is thereafter at least partially closed by a valve which is urged open by a spring and which is urged closed, against the action of the spring, by a bellows containing a gas at high pressure and which is exposed on its outer side to at least a portion of the pressure of the refrigerant fluid. Upon the fall in pressure of the stored refrigerant fluid, toward the end of the start-up, the bellows expands so as at least partially to close the valve, thereby to decrease the flow of refrigerant during the final portion of the cool-down period and during the steady state or on-stream operation of the device. The invention is particularly applicable for the rapid cool down of infrared detection probes.

High-bounce amusement and exercise air bag

Abstract: An air bag large enough for several children to jump on at one time is equipped with one or more bellows centrally on the top surface providing means for children safely to propel one another for great vertical distances, being assured of cushioning of the fall when they return by the perimeter of the bag. Preferably the bag is of the constant-volume or non-stretching type so that jump-on compression of any portion of the bag results not in stretching the bag but instead efficiently snaps the bellows structure out to the full extent, and upon relaxation permits the bellows structure to collapse instead of remaining distended. Similarly the bellows structure is preferably of the non-stretch material and preferably has a top reinforcement and an elastic return which may be a spring.

Bellows pump and pumping plant for oil-filled electric cables

Abstract: A pump for pumping insulating oil for oil-filled electric cables in which a driven piston is within and spaced from a tubular bellows which is surrounded by an enclosure. The bellows forms a chamber with the enclosure which contains the cable oil, and the bellows prevents contact of the mechanical parts of the pump, other than an intake valve and a delivery valve, with the cable oil. Preferably, the space between the piston and the bellows is filled with oil to transmit motion of the piston to the bellows. The delivery valve is urged closed by a spring, and the intake valve has an element made of lightweight materials and is held closed by gravity and the cable oil pressure but opens by reason of cable oil pressure reduction and the static pressure of the cable oil fed to the intake valve. Also, a plurality of such pumps operable by a single drive mechanism and a method for evacuating gas from the pump and pump lines in which the delivery valve is operated by a magnetic field external to the valve.

Damping device on pressure control valve - provides fine adjustment of pressure using friction clamp in lower valve case

Abstract: The friction clamp moves with a light expanding action in a sleeve connected to a metal sylphon bellows The pressure of a control spring is also applied to it, so that a minimum friction force is mechanically generated between the clamp and the sleeve It prevents sudden oscillations of the sleeve and the control piston, thus ensuring an exact opening and closing of delivery and venting valves free from oscillations and interconnected by a pin, during a delivery or venting operation If the air pressure in the working lead falls below a stipulated value the control piston rises, of necessity, against the bellows

System powered damper and control unit

Abstract: A damper and control unit for controlling air flow through a conduit comprises a movable damper having a ball-joint connection with the end of an actuating rod. The actuating rod has first and second angularly related portions and the first portion serves as a pivot element for a movable actuating plate, the second portion mounting the damper. The movable or swingable plate is arranged above an expandible and contractable actuating bellows and has a stop chain associated therewith for limiting downward swinging movement thereof in the direction of bellows contraction. The bellows has a supply line leading to the conduit upstream of the damper and a control unit is interposed in the line for determining bellows pressure. Conduit pressure and/or temperature signals are supplied to the control for bellows and damper operation as a function thereof. A seat associated with the damper is uniformly and tightly engaged whereby to seal the conduit due to the floating or ball-joint damper connection with its actuator. Bellows and actuating plate arrangement externally of the conduit results in a requirement for lesser bellows operating pressures and bellows isolation from fire code regulations.

Rotary flow regulating valve and method

Abstract: A rotary flow regulating valve in which a cylindrical expansible bellows mounted in the valve body and encircling a conduit therethrough moves a circular seal means between engagement with a spherical sealing surface of a valve member and a position withdrawn from the sealing surface. The valve body and valve member cooperate in defining a circumferential flow path between the sealing surface and the valve body and a diametrical flow path through the valve member. With the bellows vented to withdraw the seal means from the sealing surface, the valve member is rotated to regulate fluid flow through the valve while dividing fluid flow between the circumferential and diametrical flow paths and continue fluid flow over the sealing surface to thereby distribute wear and maintain sealing efficiency.

Force balance servo accelerometer

Abstract: A force balance servo accelerometer including a D'Arsonval type mechanism for rebalancing, between a pair of sensing coils, a seismic mass moved by acceleration is disclosed. The D'Arsonval type mechanism comprises a pair of suspension beams mounted in parallel planes in a liquid filled cylindrical housing. A pair of axially aligned taut wires support a torque coil between the suspension beams. The coil surrounds a permanent magnet fixedly mounted in the housing. An arm extending outwardly from the coil, transverse to the axis of the taut wires, supports the seismic mass between the sensing coils, which are mounted in the housing. The sensing coils form two arms of a bridge circuit energized by an oscillator connected across one pair of opposing terminals of the bridge. The signal developed across the other pair of opposing terminals is applied to a differential amplifier. The resultant difference signal is sine wave multiplied with the output of the oscillator in a quadrature detector. The output of the quadrature detector, which is related to the acceleration of the seismic mass, is applied to the coil of the D'Arsonval mechanism to rebalance the seismic mass. A bellows mounted on one end of the housing allows the liquid in the housing to expand and contract as the temperature of the environment in which the D'Arsonval type mechanism is located changes.

Apparatus for zone refining

Abstract: Improvements in apparatus for zone refining polycrystalline semiconductor rods to produce monocrystalline semiconductor rods are disclosed. In the apparatus, an inductive heating chamber is employed which has a longitudinal dimension independent of the length of the polycrystalline semiconductor rod to be processed. The longitudinal dimension of the induction heating chamber is limited only by considerations of the space required for the RF induction heating coil and related apparatus which must be mounted within the chamber, the viewing space required for the operator to observe the zone refining process, and the heating effect on the structures above and below the chamber. First and second gas tight bellows are provided which, respectively, surround the rod holder and the seed holder. One end of each of the first and second bellows is releasably and sealingly attached to the induction heating chamber, while the other end of each of the first and second bellows is attached to the base of the rod holder or seed holder, respectively. The base of the rod holder or seed holder incorporates a gas tight magnetic fluid seal means for providing dynamic sealant between the chamber and drive means. These bellows expand and collapse with the relative movement of the rod holder and seed holder with respect to the induction heating chamber. Moreover, with the rod holder displaced from the induction heating chamber, the first bellows may be detached from the chamber and collapsed to facilitate mounting a polycrystalline semiconductor rod to be refined in the rod holder, and when the refining process is complete and the seed holder is displaced from the chamber, the second bellows can be detached from the chamber and collapsed to facilitate the removal of the refined monocrystalline rod from the seedholder. In order to protect the lowermost bellows from molten semiconductor, a plurality of telescoping metallic cylinders are positioned within the bellows and concentric therewith.

Flywheel rotor particularly suitable for accumulating energy

Abstract: Flywheel rotor, particularly suitable for accumulating energy, built up from separate flywheels which are interconnected by means of an elastic link. The link may have the form of a solid of revolution comprising at least a single, relatively thin-walled bellows fold. At least one fold wall of the bellows fold may have the form of a truncated cone. The rotor may comprise cylindrical rotor parts as well as unperforated disks of Laval-shape.