Showing papers on "Business value published in 1969"

The formation of values as a process in human learning

Abstract: THE EVOLUTION OF VALUES SYSTEMS AND VALUE THEORY IS DESCRIBED AND DISCUSSED. ECONOMISTS INSIST THAT ACTUAL CHOICE DEPENDS NOT ONLY ON THE VALUE SYSTEM BUT ALSO UPON THE OPPORTUNITIES THAT ARE OPEN. THE CONCEPT OF A POSSIBILITY BOUNDARY PRODUCES ANOTHER VALUE CONCEPT OF ALTERNATIVE COST. IT IS SHOWN THAT A SMALL CHANGE IN EITHER THE OPPORTUNITY STRUCTURE OR IN THE PREFERENCE STRUCTURE CAN PRODUCE LARGE CHANGES IN THE OPTIMUM POINT THAT IS CHOSEN. THE ECONOMIC APPROACH TO VALUATION IS REVIEWED. IT SEEMS TO CLARIFY CERTAIN CONCEPTS AND DEVELOPS THE POSSIBILITY OF SOME IMPORTANT PROPOSITIONS, BUT NEVERTHELESS HAS SERIOUS DEFECTS WHICH RELATE TO THE ABSENCE OF ANY ADEQUATE DYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS. A COMMON VALUE SYSTEM IS DERIVED FROM COMMUNICATIONS WITHIN A CULTURE OR A SUBCULTURE, WHICH CONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF A GROUP OF PEOPLE ALL OF WHOM HAVE RATHER SIMULAR VALUE SYSTEMS AND WELFARE FUNCTIONS. A COMMON VALUE SYSTEM USUALLY DETERMINES AN ETHICAL SYSTEM. THE PHENOMENON OF SOCIAL MUTATION IS EXPLORED TO HELP UNDERSTAND THE PROCESSES BY WHICH VALUE SYSTEMS CHANGE. TRANSPORTATION IN RELATION TO VALUE SYSTEMS OR AS A VALUE SYSTEM IS DESCRIBED. A PROBLEM OF PARTICULAR IMPORTANCE TO THE TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY IS THE COMPLEX RELATIONSHIPS THAT EXIST BETWEEN POLITICAL DECISIONS AND VALUE SYSTEMS OF THE ELECTORATE. OBSERVATION IS MADE THAT EVEN THOUGH EVERY INSTITUTION, ORGANIZATION, AND SECTOR OF THE SOCIAL SYSTEM DEPENDS HEAVILY FOR ITS SURVIVAL AND SUCCESS ON ITS VALUE ENVIRONMENT, THE INFORMATION SYSTEM REGARDING ITS VALUE ENVIRONMENT IS ALMOST UNIVERSALLY DEFECTIVE. THIS IS PERHAPS ONE OF THE PRIME CAUSES OF DECISIONS THAT LEAD TO DISASTER. RECOGNITION OF THE IMPORTANCE OF THE VALUE ENVIRONMENT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM THAT CAN CREATE MORE ACCURATE IMAGES OF IT MUST IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF DECISION-MAKING.