Showing papers on "Calyx published in 1999"
TL;DR: The LD50 of roselle calyx extract and its effect on blood pressure were determined and a significant decrease in serum creatinine, cholesterol, and glucose in the treated rats compared with the control as well as a significant increase in serum uric acid was observed.
Abstract: The LD(50) of roselle calyx extract and its effect on blood pressure were determined. The LD(50) was found to be above 5000 mg kg(-1). Roselle calyx infusion was found to lower significantly (p 0.05) in the control groups of the two strains of rats used, neither was there a significant difference in their urine output. The water intake in the treated spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats was not different from the corresponding control groups. However the urine output of the treated spontaneously hypertensive rats was significantly higher. A significant decrease in serum creatinine, cholesterol, and glucose in the treated rats compared with the control as well as a significant increase in serum uric acid was observed. The serum proteins (albumin and total protein) in the treated rats when compared with the control groups was not changed significantly.
168 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the mushroom bodies of Periplaneta, an evolutionarily basal taxon, and those of Drosophila melanogaster and the honey bee comprise two independent modular systems, doublets and layers.
Abstract: Previous studies of honey bee and cockroach mushroom bodies have proposed that afferent terminals and intrinsic neurons (Kenyon cells) in the calyces are arranged according to polar coordinates. It has been suggested that there is a transformation by Kenyon cell axons of the polar arrangements of their dendrites in the calyces to laminar arrangements of their terminals in the lobes. Findings presented here show that cellular organization in the calyx of an evolutionarily basal neopteran, Periplaneta americana, is instead rectilinear, as it is in the lobes. It is shown that each calyx is divided into two halves (hemicalyces), each supplied by its own set of Kenyon cells. Each calyx is separately represented in the medial lobe where the dendritic trees of some efferent neurons receive inputs from one calyx only. Kenyon cell dendrites are arranged as narrow elongated fields, organized as rows in each hemicalyx. Dendritic fields arise from 14 to 16 sheets of Kenyon cell axons stacked on top of each other lining the inner surface of the calyx cup. A sheet consists of approximately 60 small bundles, each containing 5-15 axons that converge from the rim of the calyx to its neck. Each sheet contributes to a pair oflaminae, one dark one pale, called a doublet, that extends through the mushroom body. Dark laminae contain Kenyon cell axons packed with synaptic vesicles. Axons in pale laminae are sparsely equipped with vesicles. By analogy with photoreceptors, and with reference to field potential recordings, it is speculated that dark laminae are continuously active, being modulated by odor stimuli, whereas pale laminae are intermittently activated. Timm's silver staining and immunocytology reveal a second type of longitudinal division of the lobes. Five layers extend through the pedunculus and lobes, each composed of subsets of doublets. Four layers represent zones of afferent endings in the calyces. A fifth (the y layer) represents a specific type of Kenyon cell. It is concluded that the mushroom bodies comprise two independent modular systems, doublets and layers. Developmental studies show that new doublets are added at each instar to layers that are already present early in second instar nymphs. There are profound similarities between the mushroom bodies of Periplaneta, an evolutionarily basal taxon, and those of Drosophila melanogaster and the honey bee.
94 citations
TL;DR: The finds in the calyx, green shoulder, pericarp, and locular parenchyma suggest that all of these tissues have significant roles in CO2 scavenging and the provision of carbon assimilates and the potential role of fruit photosynthesis in influencing the fruit acid to sugar ratio and hence fruit quality is discussed.
Abstract: Photosynthesis of tomato fruit was studied using green fruit from six heritage cultivars of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and one of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium. Chlorophyll concentrations in the green shoulder, pericarp and locular parenchyma of the fruit were determined and the apparent photosynthetic electron transport activity (ETR) and chlorophyll fluorescence quenching characteristics of these tissues and the calyx were compared. In all cultivars, green shoulder formation, apparent as intense pigmentation of the proximal pericarp shoulder, was positively related to the degree of shading of the fruit during development. Appearing as a photosynthetic adaptive trait for increasing the photoautotrophic capacity of fruit grown under low light, the green shoulder contained 17-57% of the total pericarp chlorophyll content. The pericarp below the green shoulder had lower chlorophyll a+b. At a photon flux density (PFD) of 1200 mol m-2 s-1, different fruit tissues were found to have different levels of ETR. In 'Yellow Pear', the upper surface of the calyx had an ETR of 154 mol m-2 s-1, while the lower surface had an ETR of 88 mol m-2 s-1. On the green shoulder, ETR was 203 mol m-2 s-1, whereas in the pericarp distal to the green shoulder, ETR was 97 mol m-2 s-1. In the locular parenchyma, ETR was 66 mol m-2 s-1. This trend towards a lower ETR in distal and internal fruit tissues appeared to indicate a shift towards a more shade-type photosynthesis. Concomitant with this shift were changes in chlorophyll fluorescence quenching characteristics. Generally when tissues displayed reduced levels of ETR they also displayed a faster decrease in the photochemical quenching coefficient qp and a more rapid diversion of absorbed photon energy to non-photosynthetic activity found in the calyx, green shoulder, pericarp, and locular parenchyma suggest that all of these tissues have significant roles in CO2 scavenging and the provision of carbon assimilates. The potential role of fruit photosynthesis in influencing the fruit acid to sugar ratio and hence fruit quality is discussed.
46 citations
Patent•
15 Sep 1999
TL;DR: A new and distinct variety of strawberry named "Biscayne" was introduced by as discussed by the authors, botanically identified as Fragaria×ananassa, which is a partially everbearing fruit bearing variety, with strong plant vigor, concave cross section of the leaf, rounded teeth on the terminal leaflet, outward pose of the petiole hairs, medium fruit glossiness, strong adherence of the calyx to the fruit, fruit of soft to medium firmness, medium to early time of flowering and early harvest maturity.
Abstract: This invention relates to a new and distinct variety of strawberry named ‘Biscayne’, botanically identified as Fragaria×ananassa. The closest known varieties are ‘Key Largo’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 8,649), ‘Captiva’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 11,277, allowed) and ‘Mirador’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 11,279, allowed). The new variety is a partially everbearing fruit bearing variety. The variety is distinguished from ‘Key Largo’ by its strong plant vigor, concave cross section of the leaf, rounded teeth on the terminal leaflet, outward pose of the petiole hairs, larger to the same size diameter of the calyx relative to the corolla, medium fruit glossiness, strong adherence of the calyx to the fruit, fruit of soft to medium firmness, medium to early time of flowering and early harvest maturity.
38 citations
TL;DR: The present results on development and morphology of the flowers of Thunbergia are compatible with an earlier subdivision of the genus into eight subgenera.
30 citations
TL;DR: A comparison of calyx tissues from the two strains revealed morphological differences that seem to affect egg movement from the ovarioles into the oviduct, causing a delay in larval hatching in one of the strains.
20 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the genetical increases of IAA and GA-like substances in the fruitlet of the parthenocarpic persimmon during flowering may result in continued growth, but the interaction between increased ABA and decreased IAAand GA- like substances inThe fruitlet before fruitlet-drop may induce its abscission.
Abstract: The reproductive organ of parthenocarpic persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. 'Hiratanenashi') was sampled from -5 to 122 days after flowering (DAF). The endogenous levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and those of gibberellin (GA)-like substances were determined by the dwarf rice bioassay. Fruitlet abscission occurred mainly from 13 to 62 DAF and peaked at 41 DAF. A relatively rapid increase of fresh weight of fruitlets occurred until 41 DAF ; thereafter, the growth rate was moderate. The weight of the calyx increased until 13 DAF. The ABA concentrations in fruitlets was higher from flowering to 28 DAF than the remainder period. The calyx at 13 DAF had the maximum ABA concentration of all parts analyzed. IAA in the ovary/fruitlet increased about 18 times in content and 5 times in concentration from -5 to 0 DAF, and decreased to less than half in content by 13 DAF. The concentration of GA-like substances in fruitlets at flowering was also high, and increased at 41 and 122 DAF. At 5 days before flowering, the calyx had a higher concentration and content of three phytohormones than the ovary. These results suggest that the genetical increases of IAA and GA-like substances in the fruitlet of the parthenocarpic persimmon during flowering may result in continued growth, but the interaction between increased ABA and decreased IAA and GA-like substances in the fruitlet before fruitlet-drop may induce its abscission.
20 citations
TL;DR: Yellow bacterial colonies were consistently isolated from water-soaked and necrotic lesions on calyces and pedicels, and a fungus was frequently isolated from infected anthers, sepals, petals, and pistils, and was identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides, the first report of the two organisms causing blossom blight of strawberry in California.
Abstract: In the spring of 1996, severe blossom blight occurred in some strawberry fruit production fields in the Watsonville area. The symptoms, in addition to blighting of entire flowers, were as follows: on the lower surface of the calyx, watersoaked lesions that appeared dark green under reflected light and translucent under transmitted light; necrotic calyces of seemingly healthy green and ripe fruits; watersoaking of the base of the calyx that extended into the pedicel; green-gray sporulation on dead anthers; and presence of flower clusters with small and irregularly shaped fruits. Yellow bacterial colonies were consistently isolated from water-soaked and necrotic lesions on calyces and pedicels. These colonies were entire, circular, raised, glistening, mucoid, and slow growing, characteristics typical of Xanthomonas fragariae on nutrient agar-glucose-yeast extract medium. The bacterial isolate was also identified by rep-polymerase chain reaction as X. fragariae. In addition to the yellow bacteria, a fungus w...
14 citations
TL;DR: Leaf blotch and stem-end rot caused by Gnomonia comari P. fragariae has been observed more frequently in fruit production areas in the central coast of California, particularly during wet years.
Abstract: Leaf blotch and stem-end rot caused by Gnomonia comari P. Karst. (anamorph, Zythia fragariae Laibach) were observed in a strawberry fruit production field at Watsonville, CA, in 1996. Z. fragariae has been known for years to attack leaves and cause leaf blotch but this is the first time that the perfect stage, G. comari, was identified and documented to infect fruits and cause stem-end rot in California. Symptoms on leaves included pin-point lesions, brownish to purplish blotches, and characteristic large V-shaped lesions. On the fruit, infection showed more frequently on the calyx. Symptoms on the calyx ranged from small lesions on the sepals to a completely infected calyx that turned necrotic and brittle. Calyx infection was observed on seemingly healthy green and ripe fruits. Infected fruits ripened prematurely and turned pale red to brownish in color. They remained firm but were often invaded by secondary organisms including Botrytis cinerea. When infected leaves and fruits were surface sterilized and incubated under humid condition, perithecia and pycnidia readily developed on the lesions. Ascospores oozed from the tip of the perithecial neck while numerous spores oozed out of the pycnidium. The pathogen was identified as G. comari based on size and morphology of the perithecia, asci, and ascospores (1), and the spores were identified as Z. fragariae based on morphology of the conidia and conidiophores (2). Both the spores and ascospores produced pycnidia and perithecia on potato dextroxe agar at room temperature. Inoculation of healthy leaves and fruits with each fungus resulted in development of symptoms of leaf blotch and stem-end rot similar to those observed in the field. G. comari and Z. fragariae were reisolated from newly developing lesions on symptomatic leaves and fruits. Since 1996, stem-end rot has been observed more frequently in fruit production areas in the central coast of California, particularly during wet years. Reference: (1) A. Bolay. Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 81:398, 1971. (2) J. Fall. Can. J. Bot. 32:172, 1954.
10 citations
TL;DR: SummaryDifferentiation and development of floral organs of soybean were classified into nine stages ; pre-differentiation (I), floral differentiation (II), floral differentiate (II) and final differentiation (III).
Abstract: Differentiation and development of floral organs of soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. “Touzan 69”) were classified into nine stages ; pre-differentiation (I), floral differentiation (II), calyx ...
8 citations
TL;DR: The present results on development and morphology of the flowers of Thunbergia are compatible with an earlier subdivision of the genus into eight subgenera.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Major complications (80% of cases of hemorrhage, including all arteriovenous fistulae and pseudoaneurysms) were encountered with the puncture of the lower calyx while those associated with the Puncture of the middle calyx were minimal, thus, punctur of themiddle calyx is the least morbid.
Abstract: The authors report on a series of 481 percutaneous nephrostomy procedures, and describe the complications encountered. 163 percutaneous nephrostomies for drainage and 318 percutaneous stone removals, were performed between 1985 and 1995 in the Radiology Department of Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital under fluoroscopy. One tract was needed for PN but more than one was sometimes necessary for percutaneous stone removal. Complication rate was identical to the results reported in the literature. Complications were more frequently encountered when the upper calyx was punctured (intercostal approach), mostly pleural lesions. Puncture of the middle and inferior calyx were associated with the same rate of complications, but with different degrees of severity. Major complications (80% of cases of hemorrhage, including all arteriovenous fistulae and pseudoaneurysms) were encountered with the puncture of the lower calyx while those associated with the puncture of the middle calyx were minimal. Thus, puncture of the middle calyx is the least morbid. It is recommended by the authors, whenever possible.
TL;DR: The structure of the inner calyx surface of several Silene and one Saponaria species with different sex expression have been investigated and it is proposed that these trichomes play a role in flower discrimination of specialized pollinators and seed predators.
Abstract: The structure of the inner calyx surface of several Silene and one Saponaria species with different sex expression have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Some of the hermaphroditic and gynodioecious species show peculiarities in the basal parts of their calyces, such as cylindrical trichomes in Si. nutans. Capitate trichomes occur exclusively on the inner calyx surface of the two dioecious species Si. dioica and Si. latifolia ssp. alba. In both species the density of these trichomes is significantly higher in female than in male individuals. The hypothesis is proposed that these trichomes play a role in flower discrimination of specialized pollinators and seed predators.
TL;DR: It should be possible to select primin-free plants by avoiding the plants with red tipped trichomes on midrib of young leaves, calyx and peduncle of flower clusters, than in other parts of leaves and flower clusters.
Abstract: A comparison of the trichome types was made by the Craven test and microscopic observation between primin-secreting and primin-free cultivars of Primula obconica. 1. All cultivars were classified into two groups according to the lengths of trichomes. Group one had trichomes (Fig.1, AaD) whose lengths were 150μm or less, whereas group two was represented by those with trichomes exceeding 1mm (Fig.1, E). Moreover, the trichomes of group one was further classified into four types from the characteristics of the tips, e.g., A : red tip ; B : colorless tip ; C : yellow tip and D : tip with crystallized substance (Fig.1, A, B, C and D, respectively). 2. The trichomes of B, C, and D types were observed both on the primin-secreting and free cultivars but those of A type were observed only on the primin-secreting cultivars. By the Craven test, only the trichome of A type secreted primin at its apex. 3. The distribution density of A type trichome (primin-secreting) was higher on the basal part of the midrib in leaves and on the calyx and peduncle in flower clusters, than in other parts of leaves and flower clusters. Thus, it should be possible to select primin-free plants by avoiding the plants with red tipped trichomes on midrib of young leaves, calyx and peduncle of flower clusters.
TL;DR: The diagnostic characters and the distribution pattern of the new species are discussed and compared to P. orizabae and P. mcvaughii, the most similiar species.
Abstract: Physalis waterfallii (Solanaceae) is described. It is characterized by having long pedicels, a 5-angled fruiting calyx, and long calycinian lobes in flower and fruit that reach up to 1 cm long. The diagnostic characters and the distribution pattern of the new species are discussed and compared to P. orizabae and P. mcvaughii, the most similiar species. A distribution map for the three taxa and the botanical illustration of P. waterfallii are also included.
TL;DR: Pachyphytum machucae is described as a new species, and compared with P. caesium Kimnach & Moran, the most closely related species, differing in size and shape of the leaves, as well as in calyx and corola length.
Abstract: Pachyphytum machucae is described as a new species, and compared with P. caesium Kimnach & Moran, the most closely related species, differing in size and shape of the leaves, as well as in calyx and corola length. P. machucae is also compared with P. brevifolium Rose and P. hookeri (Salm-Dyck) Berger. Growing in NW Michoacan, it represents the southwesternmost record known for the genus.