Showing papers on "Cash flow statement published in 2022"
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12 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors walk through the field of accounting and present a first look at accounting, including the Genesis and reporting of financial condition, making and reporting profit, and how investors read a financial report.
Abstract: Introduction.Part I: A First Look at Accounting.Chapter 1: Strolling Through the Field of Accounting.Chapter 2: Getting to the Bottom of the Bottom Line.Chapter 3: Bookkeeping 101: From Shoeboxes to Computers.Chapter 4: Accounting and Your Personal Finances.Part II: Figuring Out Financial Statements.Chapter 5: Making and Reporting Profit.Chapter 6: The Genesis and Reporting of Financial Condition.Chapter 7: Cash Sources and Uses and Reporting Cash Flows.Chapter 8: Getting a Financial Report Ready.Part III: Accounting in Managing a Business.Chapter 9: First Things First: Deciding the Legal Structure.Chapter 10: Using Accounting for Managing Profit.Chapter 11: Budgeting Profit and Cash Flow.Chapter 12: Cost Concepts and Conundrums.Part IV: Financial Reports in the Public Domain.Chapter 13: Keeping Score: Choosing and Implementing Accounting Methods.Chapter 14: How Investors Read a Financial Report.Chapter 15: Audits, Accounting Fraud, and Audit Failures.Part V: The Part of Tens.Chapter 16: Ten Profit and Loss Questions.Chapter 17: Ten Ways Savvy Business Managers Use Accounting.Chapter 18: Ten Questions Savvy Investors Ask When Reading a Financial Report.Glossary: Slashing Through the Accounting Jargon Jungle.Index.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the management and accounting treatment of petty cash on CV was analyzed using direct observation using interview and documentation techniques, the data analysis technique used in this study is descriptive qualitative, the results of the petty cash accounting analysis are going well and in accordance with the applicable PSAK, in addition to the transaction process for disbursing petty cash funds, using petty cash fund, and replenishing cash funds.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the management and accounting treatment of petty cash on CV. Min Java Farm. This research is located at Bukit Apit, Kenagarian Sungai Talang, Guguak District, 50 City Regency, West Sumatra. This research was conducted by direct observation using interview and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique used in this study is descriptive qualitative, the results of this study show the results of the petty cash accounting analysis are going well and in accordance with the applicable PSAK, in addition to the transaction process for disbursing petty cash funds, using petty cash funds, and replenishing cash funds. Minor activities have been carried out with the use of documents and in accordance with established procedures
8 citations
TL;DR: The authors showed that when comparing the predictive ability of operating cash flows with that of an equivalent earnings measure calculated on an accrual basis, earnings outperform operating cash flow, and the result becomes more pronounced when cross-sectional differences in the relation between firms' earnings and future cash flows.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the essence of the definitions "financial resources" and "cash" and clarify their common and distinctive characteristics, which is relevant from the point of view of optimizing management processes in financial management and establishing effective internal and external communications.
Abstract: The obtained results of theoretical research become the basis of the practical activities of enterprises and are the basis for the development of programs, projects, corporate and functional strategies of the enterprise. Therefore, a theoretical study of clarifying the essence of the concepts "financial resources" and "cash" is relevant from the point of view of optimizing management processes in financial management and establishing effective internal and external communications with the correct use of these concepts. The purpose of this scientific article is to study the essence of the definitions "financial resources" and "cash" and clarify their common and distinctive characteristics. The article discusses the concept of "resources" and their characteristics. Different approaches of scientists to the interpretation of financial resources, their features and differences are studied. The obtained results are systematized in a table highlighting the key meaning, which became: cash funds, cash resources, highly liquid assets, own and loan funds, target direction and sources of income (internal and external). The role of money in the financial and economic activity of the enterprise is determined. Cash is constantly deposited in bank accounts or cash registers in the form of proceeds from sales or income and is withdrawn when payments are made. Domestic scientists define cash as the receipt and outflow of monetary units of the enterprise and their equivalents, generated as a result of its economic activity, the movement of which is related to the factor of time, risk and liquidity. It has been proven that equating financial resources with money significantly narrows the concept of "financial resources", because they include not only available, but also potential funds. We consider it expedient to interpret "financial resources" as a set of cash and their equivalents, formed in the process of economic activity and received from the outside intended for the fulfillment of financial obligations and financing processes of the reproduction of the enterprise. It is established that cash is not the same as financial resources, but is only a part of them and is the most liquid asset of the enterprise, including cash in hand, funds on bank accounts in banks, deposits and electronic money. The given definition of financial resources of the enterprise reveals the main internal content of financial resources, according to which it becomes possible to identify the mechanism of the influence of finance on the reproductive process, which is a prospect for further scientific research.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide an overview about how academic researchers have evolved about the usefulness of the Statement of Cash Flow and analyze the different stages of the research trends and the main topics.
Abstract: The International Financial Reporting Standard Foundation issued a new Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. According to this document, the general purpose of financial reporting is to provide financial information about the reporting entity which is useful to existing and potential investors, lenders and other creditors in making decisions related to raise resources for the entity. Focused on the Statement of Cash Flow analysis the main objective of this paper is to provide an overview about how academic researchers have evolved about the usefulness of this Statement. Firstly, we sought to find the best database to perform a bibliometric analysis on the sample identified about the Statement of Cash Flow research. Secondly, we analysed the different stages of the research trends and the main topics. As interesting results of the analysis we can highlight that the clusters in the bibliographic network match with the research lines identified and connections between the papers have been increasing further through networks. The research lines mentioned by the accounting regulators, who issued the cash flow standards, have mostly concluded that the Statement of Cash Flow is useful to fulfill those purposes together with the researchers.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors integrated agency and product market views of cash holdings, resolving conflicting findings in prior literature, and found that product market and firm investment in organization capital (OC) together explain cash holdings.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors integrated agency and product market views of cash holdings, resolving conflicting findings in prior literature, and found that product market and firm investment in organization capital (OC) together explain cash holdings.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used a deterministic cash flow model based on the formula of the cash flow statement according to which the total cash flow, i.e. net change in cash, is the sum of the operating cash flows, investment income minus investment expenditure, increased by financial income and reduced by financial expenditure.
2 citations
31 Mar 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the performance of the company PT Indofood as measured by using the cash flow ratio in measuring the financial performance of PTIndofood Sukses Makmur Tbk was analyzed.
Abstract: Cash is a financial report that contains information on cash inflows and outflows from an entity during a certain period, to obtain information on receipt of cash disbursements, a cash flow statement is made. Companies must include a cash flow statement in their annual financial statements. Included in the analysis of financial performance using a cash flow statement is an analysis of the cash flow ratio. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the company PT Indofood as measured by using the cash flow ratio in measuring the financial performance of PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk. The analytical method used is descriptive quantitative by looking at the cash flow statements and financial performance of PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk. The population of financial statements at PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk, sample financial statements for 2016-2020 with financial ratios, namely cash flow ratios, cash coverage ratios to interest, cash coverage ratios to current liabilities, capital expenditure ratios, total debt ratios and cash adequacy ratios Genre. From the results of the study it was concluded that the performance of PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk according to the calculation of the financial cash flow ratio (AKO) with an average value of 0.38 < 1, the ratio of cash flow coverage to current liabilities (CKHL) with an average value of 0.57 < 1, Capital expenditure ratio (PM) with an average value of 0.24 < 1, total debt ratio (TH) with an average value of 0.19 < 1, cash flow adequacy ratio (KAK) with an average value of 0.012 < 1 is not good, which means that the performance of the company PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk cannot manage the existing cash flow to be able to generate cash flow properly in order to meet its short-term obligations and current liabilities. The cash to interest coverage ratio (CKB) with an average value of 17,595 > 1 is good, which means very good because the cash can cover the interest costs of PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk and can pay it directly without having to sell assets.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a descriptive qualitative research is conducted by raising a phenomenon that occurs in the cash flow statement of PT.Bank Sumut KCP Mandala by Pass until 2020.
Abstract: A good company must have a stable or ideal cash flow, for ideal conditions of cash flow,income and expenses must be balanced. Cash flows that are not ideal can be grouped intothree problems, namely, cash flow deficit problems, cash flow problems, and cash flowsurplus problems. If cash inflows are smaller than cash outflows, of course, this conditionwill bring the company into a cash deficit condition, and this is certainly not good for thecompany. Net operating cash flow is positive, investment cash flow and resource cash flow isnegative. This can be said to be ideal and many observers say this is a cash-saving situation,if the net operating, investment and financing cash flows are negative, then it can be said tobe not ideal or most likely not ideal. This research is a descriptive qualitative research byraising a phenomenon that occurs in the cash flow statement of PT. Bank Sumut KCPMandalaby Pass until 2020. Qualitative research is a type of research in which the discoveryprocedure does not use statistical or quantification procedures.From the research results itcan be said that PT. Bank Sumut KCP Mandala by Pass are as follows: FinancialPerformance of PT. Bank Sumut KCP Mandala by Pass from 2017-2020 seen from the cashratio. ROE, ROA And ROI. Capability on the aspect of the case. ROE, ROA and ROI aregood enough so they can be relied on. In the activity level of the cash flow statement at PT.Bank Sumut KCP Mandala by Pass, which is seen from the fairly good capital turnover,which must be watched out for, is the turnover of profits, as well as the turnover of totalassets.Keywords: Cash Flow, Financial Performance
2 citations
TL;DR: The authors decompose stock betas into components that depend on the firm's cash holding, return on cash, and cash-hedged return, and show how investors can hedge out the cash on firms' balance sheets when making portfolio choices.
Abstract: Corporate cash piles vary across companies and over time. A firm's cash holding is an implicit position in a low-return asset that is correlated across firms. Cash generates variation in beta estimates. We show how investors can hedge out the cash on firms' balance sheets when making portfolio choices. We decompose stock betas into components that depend on the firm's cash holding, return on cash, and cash-hedged return. Common asset pricing premia — size, value, and momentum — have large implicit cash positions. Portfolios of cash-hedged premia often have higher Sharpe ratios because firms' cash returns are correlated.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors identify the determinants and indicate their impact on the company's cash holdings in the wholesale industry in ten Balkan countries, using the panel data model with fixed effects.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to identify the determinants and indicate their impact on the company’s cash holdings in the wholesale industry in ten Balkan countries. Effective cash holdings management is key to any company’s healthy and smooth business operation, so comprehending and analyzing the relationship between the company’s internal determinants and cash holdings is vital. The sample used for this work included 106 companies, whose operations were studied over a four-year period (2014–2017), using the panel data model with fixed effects. The obtained results showed that three of the five observed variables (size, leverage, non-cash liquid assets, profitability and asset tangibility) have a statistically significant impact on the company’s cash holdings. It was determined that larger wholesale companies generally hold less cash, primarily due to more favorable external sources of financing, thus, financially stronger wholesale companies on the Balkans are likely to hold less cash. Only by practicing adequate inventory management and receivables collection policy can wholesale companies ensure effective working capital, leading to the fact that more profitable wholesale companies hold more cash. The realized profit of wholesale companies is used to increase liquidity as well as to stimulate business growth and development. The research results revealed that, in order to achieve an optimal cash holdings level, the observed wholesale companies in Balkan countries tend to constantly balance between profitability and liquidity. This paper contributes to improving the liquidity of wholesale companies in Balkan countries. It also offers wholesale companies assistance in establishing and maintaining an optimal cash holdings policy in order to reduce the potential risk of financial distress enable them to take advantage of all investment alternatives to maximize profit. All stakeholders will benefit from the developed model with significant determinants of the cash holdings policy along with the findings of this paper, especially when making decisions related to the cash holdings policy of wholesale companies and improving the overall business efficiency.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present a study about how information that cash flow determined and reported to user specifically to external parties is determined and provided to the reader, where the type of data used is secondary data in the form of books related to the discussion.
Abstract: This paper aims to provide information to the reader about how information that cash flow determined and reported to user specifically to external parties. The research methodology used in this research is library research. The data collection technique used is library research, namely data collection is done by reviewing reference books in the library. The type of data used is secondary data in the form of books related to the discussion. Data analysis used descriptive methods, namely describing the results of the study and then drawing conclusions. The results of the research in this paper are: Cash flow statements are reports that provide information about cash inflows and outflows in a company, caused by operating, investing, and financing activities. Cash flow statements are used in conjunction with other financial statements, cash flow statements can provide information that allows users to evaluate changes in a company's net assets, financial structure (including liquidity and solvency) and the ability to influence the amount and timing of cash flows in the context of adaptation. With changing situations and opportunities.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors take a closer look at the central bodies that have addressed this issue and illustrate what has been said about cash flow and the cash flow statement by the American FASB, the IASB and the Italian Civil Code.
Abstract: The financial analysis of a company, implemented through ratios alone, can lead to making completely erroneous judgements about the dynamic development of the company's income and expenditure. For this reason, cash flows and the statement that summarises them represent essential elements of the study of the company's financial performance. Various international bodies have addressed this issue since, in most countries, the cash flow statement now identifies one of the elements that make up the financial reporting for the year, on par with the balance sheet and profit and loss. Here we will take a closer look at the central bodies that have addressed this issue and illustrate what has been said about cash flow and the cash flow statement by the American FASB, the IASB, the Italian Civil Code and the Italian Accounting Standards Board. As you will see, all of these bodies propose structures or examples of items requiring the highlighting and re-grouping of needs and sources into three aggregates: operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. Subsequently, we will point out that information limitations characterise these statements.
TL;DR: In this paper , a comprehensive literature review on existing theories and cash management practices that are useful in decision making is provided, highlighting important theories including trade-off theory, transaction model, precautionary measures, financial hierarchy, and cash flow theory.
Abstract: Cash(liquidity) management is at the heart of a firm’s financial management. It is a silver lining between the bankruptcy and the success story of a company. Therefore, this study intends to contribute some insights into cash management practices and how firms can use them to achieve sound financial performance. This study provides a comprehensive literature review on existing theories and cash management practices that are useful in decision making. After the analysis of the available literature, the study highlights important theories including trade-off theory (TOT), transaction model, precautionary measures, financial hierarchy, and cash flow theory. Furthermore, management practices such as stochastic cash management model, speeding up cash collections, centralization & decentralization of management, asset portfolio diversification, and cash disbursement are discussed. The study suggests that a sound financial performance can be achieved through a hybrid approach and through adaptation and embracing innovations in cash management systems.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used a descriptive qualitative method, with the sample used is the PT POS Indonesia (Persero) cash flow statement from 2014 to 2018, to assess the company's financial performance.
Abstract: ThisSstudyaaims tozanalyze the cash flow statement inaassessingtheccompany's financialpperformance. The benchmarks useddin assessingfinancial performance are operatingccash flowwratio, cash-toointerest coverageratio, capitaleexpenditureeratio, total debt ratio, cash-to-current debt coverageratio, cash flow adequacy ratio, fund flow coverage ratio, and net cash flow ratio.free. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method, with the sample used is thePT POS Indonesia (Persero) cash flow statement from 2014 to 2018. Theresultssof theaanalysis of thissstudysshowwthat the financial performance of thePT POS Indonesia (Persero) company is not good. Because of the eight ratiocalculations, only three ratios meet the standard ratio of one. The results of theTrend in financial performance show that the four ratios consisting of operatingcash flow ratios, total debt ratios, cash coverage ratios to current debts, and fundflow coverage ratios have an increasing Trend while the cash to interestcoverage ratio, capital expenditure ratios, adequacy ratios cash flow, and theratio of net free cash flow has a downward Trend.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used a multiple linear regression analysis model to predict the future cash flow of PT. Mulia Abadi and showed that Net Profit, Accounts Payable, Cash Turnover and Inventory Turnover have a significant effect on the Operational Cash Flow.
Abstract: The company's financial statements are the final result of accounting activities (accounting cycle) that reflect the financial condition and results of the company's financial operations. are outside (external) the company. Therefore, financial statements can be used as a tool to communicate with the parties with the company's financial data (The dan Sugiono, 2015). Users of financial information include: investors, employees, creditors, suppliers, governments and the general public. The company's published financial statements are an important source of information for investors and creditors to be able to analyze the work of management in making profits and cash flows in the future (Simangunsong, et al, 2018). Users of financial statements such as investors and creditors are more interested in what will happen in the future. The company's performance parameters of concern are the components of cash flow and profit. The cash flow statement is one type of financial statement that has the entity's ability to generate cash flows in the future, the cash flow statement can be used as a tool to predict the company's future cash flows.
Analysis of research data used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis model. Primary data were collected and obtained through observational interviews, documentation studies and literature studies, while secondary data were obtained from literature related to the research topic. The financial statements used as the object of research.
The results showed that Net Profit had no effect on the Operating Cash Flow of PT. Mulia, Accounts Payable has a significant effect on the Operational Cash Flow of PT. Mulia, Cash Turnover has a significant effect on the Operational Cash Flow of PT. Mulia, Inventory Turnover has no effect on the Operational Cash Flow of PT. Mulia Mulia Abadi and Net Profit, Accounts Payable, Cash Turnover and Inventory Turnover have a significant effect on the Operational Cash Flow of PT. Mulia.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the impact of financial leverage on corporate cash holdings in the Middle East and North African (MENA) emerging markets and found that leverage can be regarded as a substitute for holding a larger amount of cash and marketable securities.
Abstract: PurposeThis paper investigates the impact of financial leverage on corporate cash holdings in the Middle East and North African (MENA) emerging markets.Design/methodology/approachThe author applies the dynamic modeling approach to data from nonfinancial firms listed in 10 MENA countries between 2010 and 2019. The empirical model avoids the shortcomings of the prior literature by including indicators of the dynamics of the financial leverage to account for its persistence in the corporate cash holdings reserves.FindingsThis research reports a significant negative relationship between corporate cash holdings and financial leverage. The results support the pecking order model, suggesting that leverage can be regarded as a substitute for holding a larger amount of cash and marketable securities. The author argues that the negative relationship between financial leverage and corporate cash holdings reinforces the precautionary motive to have internal cash reserves rather than external debt to support capital and investment activities by firms in the MENA emerging markets.Practical implicationsThe results of this research provide important insights into cash and capital structure management for nonfinancial listed firms in the MENA emerging markets. Specifically, the paper will help managers to understand the dynamic financial leverage determinants of holding cash in corporations in the MENA emerging markets and encourage policymakers to financially determine the corporate capital structure and cash holdings based on cost and benefits. Managing the firm's capital structure and cash holdings based on trade-offs between costs and benefits would enhance operating cash flow which may play an important role in creating value for shareholders.Originality/valuePrior studies have commonly been concerned with the determinants of corporate cash holdings, but few have investigated the dynamic financial leverage determinants of corporate cash holdings. This paper draws attention to this issue within the context of MENA emerging markets. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study that explores the relationship between cash holdings and financial leverage in MENA emerging markets.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the role of country-and firm-level governance practices on the relationship between excess-cash and firm value in ASEAN-5 markets.
Abstract: Abstract This study investigates the role of the country- and firm-level governance practices on the relationship between excess-cash and firm value in ASEAN-5 markets. Using the Generalized Method of Moment models and a sample of 578 firms from 2010 to 2020 the study finds that excess-cash reduces firm value, indicating high agency costs and low firm value. However, excess-cash motivated by managerial ownership, founder CEO, board independence, shareholder rights and creditor rights increase firm value while excess-cash due to managerial entrenchment and CEODuality reduce firm value. In the sub-sample analyses the study finds that entrenched managers and board size play a less effective role in wasting excess-cash in low-excess-cash firms while independent directors play a higher monitoring role in high-excess-cash firms. In addition, governance at the country-level is more effective than at the firm-level in improving the value of excess-cash in large firms. The study offers unique evidence on the relationship between excess-cash and firm value by integrating corporate governance practices at the firm- and country-levels. The research aids practitioners, academics, policymakers and investors in developing the best liquidity policies to enhance business performance.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigate the role of country specific variables in the corporate cash holdings and their adjustment mechanism, and find that the overall financial development of a country has a significant impact on corporate stock holdings and cash adjustment dynamics.
Abstract: PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand how the business environment of a country has an impact on cash management policies of the firms and also to investigate if there is any asymmetry in cash adjustment dynamics when a firm deviates from its long-term target of cash holdings.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of seven emerging Asian countries in the period 2001–2019, the authors investigate the role of country specific variables in the corporate cash holdings and their cash adjustment mechanism. They use the panel data regression method to estimate the results.FindingsThe authors find that the overall financial development of a country has a significant impact on corporate cash holdings and cash adjustment dynamics. When a firm has excess cash, the speed of adjustment towards the target is faster as compared to when it has deficit cash holdings. Further, when a firm holds excess cash, it adjusts towards the target using cash from investments; in case of deficit cash holdings, the adjustment happens via cash from financing activities.Practical implicationsThe results of the study are helpful to corporate managers as these are important references to them to understand and design cash management policies by considering factors that are measured at the country level. It also provides them a clearer understanding about the role of corporate board and information asymmetry in cash holdings.Originality/valueThis is the first study which examines the role of country-specific variables on corporate cash holdings and their adjustment mechanism of firms in emerging Asia. Further, the study extends the literature by providing new evidence that there is asymmetry in cash adjustment dynamics of firms after controlling for the overall financial development of a country.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present an economic model of a chemical plant that can be used for optimization and to determine whether the project is an attractive investment, including the initial capital investment, the working capital required to operate the plant, and the revenues and operating costs during operation.
Abstract: Because the purpose of building a chemical plant is usually to make money, the designer must build an economic model of the project that can be used for optimization and to determine whether the project is an attractive investment. Cash flows during a project include the initial capital investment, the working capital required to operate the plant, and the revenues and operating costs during operation. A brief introduction to corporate accounting and finance is given. Financial statements, balance sheets, income statement, cash flow statement, and methods companies use to finance projects such as debt and equity financing are described. The role of debt and equity in determining cost of capital is explained. Taxes and tax allowances such as depreciation are described. Economic analysis terms, including gross margin, gross profit, net profit, present value, net present value (NPV), payback time, return on assets, return on investment (ROI), and discounted cash flow rate of return (DCFROR), are explained. Sensitivity analysis and contingency cost estimation are introduced. The role of nonfinancial factors such as regulatory and strategic considerations in project selection is discussed.
14 Jun 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , a cross-sectional, time series regression model was used in each of the three parts of this study to predict future cash flow of 454 firms for the ten-year period from 1976-1985.
Abstract: In Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 95, "Statement of Cash Flows," the Financial Accounting Standards Board requires a statement of cash flows in place of a statement of changes in financial position. This information is assumed to be useful in predicting future cash flow. The first part of this three-part study empirically tests this assumption by comparing the abilities of three operating funds flow measures (working capital, net quick assets, and cash) to predict future cash flows. The second part of this study determines whether the reporting concept best for predicting future cash flow is dependent upon industry classification. The third part examines whether differences in the abilities of the three operating funds flow measures to predict future cash flow are affected by differences in the components of the current assets and current liabilities of a firm. Data for 454 firms were obtained from Compustat for the ten-year period from 1976-1985. Variables examined in the study included the three operating funds flow measures as independent variables and one dependent variable, future cash flow from operations. A cross-sectional, time series regression model was used in each of the three parts of this study. In the first part, each independent variable was tested by using all of the firms in three separate regression analyses. In the second part of the study, the firms were grouped according to industry classification. Each industry was tested with three separate regression analyses. In the third part of the study, the firms were grouped by cluster analysis according to similarities in the composition of their current assets and current liabilities. The resulting four clusters were each tested separately by using three regression analyses. Results of tests of the first part of this study indicated that working capital from operations is the best predictor of future cash flow. Results of tests of the second part of this study indicate that the effectiveness with which each of the operating funds flow measures predicts future cash flow varies across industries. Results of tests of the third part of this study were inconclusive.
TL;DR: A website-based information system is a technological tool that helps users manage data on a small and medium-to-large scale by providing precise and accurate information as mentioned in this paper . But, the level of supervision of outgoing funds is relatively low and the risk of losing report data or reporting data damage due to activity occurs every day and sometimes accidentally.
Abstract: A website-based information system is a technological tool that helps users manage data on a small and medium-to-large scale by providing precise and accurate information. PT. Haleyora Power is one of the companies engaged in the electricity supply industry, which currently processes petty cash funds still using written records in books and the Microsoft Excel application. The level of supervision of outgoing funds is relatively low, and the risk of losing report data or reporting data damage due to activity occurs every day and sometimes accidentally. To minimize this, petty cash management can be implemented in the form of a website-based application through a petty cash system that includes petty cash receipts, petty cash disbursement procedures, and petty cash reports. In this case, the waterfall method is very suitable for creating a petty cash system as needed. The petty cash system created can make the procedure for disbursing petty cash funds more structured and provide convenience in data processing so that the reporting process at PT becomes better. Haleyora Power.
20 Oct 2022-Scientific Papers of the University of Pardubice. Series D, Faculty of Economics and Administration
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the impact of intercompany determinants on corporate cash holdings in South East Europe and found that SEE companies' cash holdings on average are 6.94% of the total assets, which is lower than in developed countries.
Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of intercompany determinants on corporate cash holdings in South East Europe. We researched a large sample of companies listed on the stock exchanges. We found that SEE companies’ cash holdings on average is 6.94% of the total assets, which is lower than in developed countries. Intercompany determinants have a significant impact on the company’s cash holdings. Our results suggest that cash holdings are positively affected by the size of the firms, cash flow, cash flow uncertainty, debt maturity, and growth opportunities. Cash holdings are negatively affected by the net working capital, financial leverage, and capital expenditures. SEE companies operate in underdeveloped financial markets with limited access to finances, and their cash holding decisions are mostly determined by the transaction motive. Our findings indicate that companies in SEE do not pursue a cash optimization policy. They largely follow the pecking order pattern and the cash holding of the firm is mostly determined by means of the relationship between the capital investments and internally generated funds.
TL;DR: In this article , the financial performance of a private health business is analyzed by ratio analysis method using the data in the balance sheet and income statement for the years 2017-2018-2019.
Abstract: In this study, the financial performance of a private health business is analyzed by ratio analysis method using the data in the balance sheet and income statement for the years 2017-2018-2019. There are many different calculation methods within the scope of ratio analysis and the calculations made for many of them are presented in tables in this study. However, in the evaluation and interpretation of the performance of the business, the results obtained with one calculation method selected for each calculation group are analyzed comparatively according to the years. According to the results of the analyses, it is understood that the enterprise is not cash-strapped, has a strong financial structure, achieves profit maximization in sales and its assets are in a growth trend. The company should invest more in its fixed assets, take necessary measures to avoid cash shortages, and use its cash and cash equivalents efficiently and effectively.
01 Jan 2022
22 Mar 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors recommend using the cash flow to drive the balance sheet and use a mismatch between the Cash Flow Statement and the Balance Sheet to determine how assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity are being affected.
Abstract: There are two common methods used when modeling financial projections: balance sheet drives the cash flow statement and cash flow statement drives the balance sheet. Although both methods are utilized often, the authors strongly recommend the second method, using the cash flow to drive the balance sheet. With the proper understanding that balance sheet line items increase or decrease based on how cash is sourced or spent, it is easy to understand that an unbalanced balance sheet occurs when there is a mismatch between the cash flow statement and the balance sheet. The key to thinking about balance sheet projections is the cash flow statement. Cash flows affect assets, liabilities, and shareholders’ equity items. The authors look to the cash flow statement to help determine how assets, liabilities, and shareholders’ equity are being affected.
09 May 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present the analysis of the accounting information system for cash sales and cash receipts on internal control at PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya and conclude that the analysis is still not good and weak because there are several problems including the existence of multiple functions by the Assistant Head of the store, cash is not directly deposited to the Bank, and there is also no periodic or sudden checking of cash balances by internal control.
Abstract: Sales accounting information system and cash receipts is one of the sub-systems in accounting information that describes the correct procedures for sales and cash receipts activities. The problem in this study is how to implement a sales information system and cash receipts at PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya. The type of research used by researchers in the preparation of this study is a qualitative method. The data used in this study is primary data. Data collection procedures are observation, documentation and direct interviews to the object of research. The conclusion of this study is the application of accounting information systems in cash sales and cash receipts at PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya is still not good, seen from the dual function, namely the delivery function which doubles as a warehouse function and the lack of data and completeness. The analysis of the accounting information system for cash sales and cash receipts on internal control at PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya is still not good and weak because there are several problems including the existence of multiple functions by the Assistant Head of the store, cash is not directly deposited to the Bank. In the cash function bill, and the amount of cash receipts from cash sales deposited in the bank on the third day not on the day of the transaction. Then there is also no periodic or sudden checking of cash balances by internal control.