Showing papers on "Cognitivism (psychology) published in 1982"
TL;DR: It is also a commonplace that the development of Marxist psychology has taken place in an atmosphere of bitter struggle against the paradigms (a term that has today become fashionable) of behaviorism which attempts to reduce the richness of human life to an elementary stimulus-response schema; Freudianism, which posits instinctually determined unconscious processes as the foundation of all forms of human behavior and regards human life as a continuous struggle with society, which controls those instincts; and cognitivism, which studies mental processes divorced from real human life, in terms of their internal logic, viewed as
Abstract: It is a commonplace that the application of the Marxist theory of activity to the analysis of the human mind has played a tremendous role in the development of Soviet psychology. It is also a commonplace that the development of Marxist psychology has taken place in an atmosphere of bitter struggle against the paradigms (a term that has today become fashionable) of behaviorism, which attempts to reduce the richness of human life to an elementary stimulus-response schema; Freudianism, which posits instinctually determined unconscious processes as the foundation of all forms of human behavior and regards human life as a continuous struggle with society, which controls those instincts; and cognitivism, which studies mental processes divorced from real human life, in terms of their internal logic, viewed as a system unto itself.
842 citations
50 citations
Book Chapter•
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: A methodological constraint on theory construction -- "neoconstructivism" -- will be proposed (by analogy with constructivism in mathematics): Cognitive theory must be computable; given an encoding of the input to a behaving system, a theorymust be able to compute (an encoding of) its outputs.
Abstract: Behavioral scientists studied behavior; cognitive scientists study what generates behavior. Cognitive science is hence theoretical behaviorism (or behaviorism is experimental cognitivism). Behavior is data for a cognitive theorist. What counts as a theory of behavior? In this paper, a methodological constraint on theory construction -- "neoconstructivism" -- will be proposed (by analogy with constructivism in mathematics): Cognitive theory must be computable; given an encoding of the input to a behaving system, a theory must be able to compute (an encoding of) its outputs. It is a mistake to conclude, however, that this constraint requires cognitive theory to be computational, or that it follows from this that cognition is computation.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the main method of research cognitivists choose the method of operationalism that was also used earlier by neobehaviourism, and the main contribution by cognitive psychology to the methodology and phenography of psychological experimentation points out the difficulties that arise in the initial and most important area of cognition research that is psychology of perception and memory.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter reviews that cognitive psychology is closely related to Gestaltpsychology and the earlier trends of mentalistic psychology. The interest in the organization of the internal representation of knowledge certainly has a strong intellectual appeal. To fulfill general public expectations every school of psychology would more or less deal with the inner life of man. The chapter explains that the main method of research cognitivists choose the method of operationalism that was also used earlier by neobehaviourism. Relying on the modern technical means of laboratory experimentation, cognitive psychology accumulated impressive experience in the hypothetico-deductive reconstruction of the cognitive and lately also of the executive processes. Today cognitive psychology not only dominates the whole province of general psychology, but also well represent in the field of differential and applied psychology as well. Whilst admitting an important contribution by cognitive psychology to the methodology and phenography of psychological experimentation points out the difficulties that arise in the initial and most important area of cognitivistic research that is psychology of perception and memory.
5 citations
2 citations
TL;DR: One of the major problems inSoviet psychology in the last decade has been the psychology of people's cognition of one another as discussed by the authors, and the growing interest of psychology in phenomenology, laws, and mechanisms of this cognition is the result of factors some of which have to do with the internal logic of the development of psychology itself; others are outside psychology, but nevertheless have a decisive influence on its progress.
Abstract: One of the major problems inSoviet psychology in the last decade has been the psychology of people's cognition of one another. The growing interest of psychology in the phenomenology, laws, and mechanisms of this cognition is the result of factors some of which have to do with the internal logic of the development of psychology itself; others are outside psychology in the proper sense, but nevertheless have a decisive influence on its progress.
1 citations