Showing papers on "Companion diagnostic published in 2009"
17 Apr 2009
TL;DR: This book shows how clinical practice has been affected by these respective technologies and how further development will influence the practice and delivery of Cellular Pathology, which will impact on the patient through targeted therapeutics and diagnostics.
Abstract: Cellular Pathology in recent years has become more closely involved in thedirect management of patients with the introduction of molecular technologiesand targeted therapies. Through this, we have seen the introductionof specialist pathology. It is the aim of this book to introduce theseconcepts and the key technologies that are influencing clinical practicetoday. Throughout this book we show how clinical practice has beenaffected by these respective technologies and how further development willinfluence the practice and delivery of Cellular Pathology, which will impacton the patient through targeted therapeutics and diagnostics.In Virtual Microscopy, we deal with the changing face of the mosttraditional aspect of Cellular Pathology: that of microscopy itself. Forcenturies, the glass microscope slide has been the sole method of visualisingcells and tissues, but with the addition of computing, imaging andcommunications technologies, it is now possible to digitise the glass slideand deliver it via the World Wide Web, transforming the ability of thepractitioner to deliver a diagnosis, consultation or high-throughput imageanalysis for biomarker research.Cytopathology and the introduction of Liquid-based Cytology havegreatly improved the quality and thus the sensitivity of the traditionalPapnicolaou smear and non-gynaecological cytology specimens. An addedbonus of this technology is the surplus of well-preserved material that canbe used for additional diagnostic procedures and for research. The introductionof the Human Papilloma Virus vaccination programme may wellchange the future of the cervical screening programme; only time will tellhow effective it will be.Flow Cytometry has expanded over recent years with the introduction ofmulticolour cell and protein labelling. Yet it is through understanding thecomponents of the flow cytometer and the properties of the labels that theprecise identification of elements important to the practitioner will beenabled.Immunocytochemistry has seen the continued expansion of the antibodyrepertoire with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic demands. Theexperience of peer groups and external quality assurance is a vital part indelivering on the promise of identifying patients suitable for targetedtherapies.The search for new biomarkers and therapeutic targets continues and wehighlight a strategic means of identifying these key genes and proteinsthrough array Comparative Genomic Hybridisation, and outline how thisis used in association with companion diagnostic technologies.In Situ Hybridisation has shown promise of being used in the routinelaboratory for more than a decade but it is the introduction of thetechnology for Her2/Neu gene amplification that has realised this potential.Its extension to other biomarkers has followed rapidly.The content of this book is particularly suitable for students with a basicworking knowledge of Cellular Pathology, although each author has givenspace to providing some basic principles and key references for students lessfamiliar with these new technologies. The book is a suitable text for studentsto Masters Level in Cellular Pathology but it is hoped that it will supportboth students and practising scientists who wish to understand more fullythe principles and clinical value of the technologies described within.Mary Hannon-Fletcher, ColerainePerry Maxwell, BelfastOctober 2008
10 citations
Patent•
17 Jun 2009
TL;DR: The present disclosure relates to methods for determining whether a subject receiving treatment with a drug has obtained an efficacious blood level of the drug, and the results of monitoring biomarkers of angiogenesis as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The present disclosure relates to, among other things, methods for determining whether a subject receiving treatment with a drug has obtained an efficacious blood level of the drug. Moreover, the present disclosure also relates to methods of determining whether a subject predisposed to or suffering from a disease will benefit from treatment with a drug, and the response of a subject receiving treatment (e.g., such as for cancer) by monitoring biomarkers of angiogenesis. In particular, the disclosure relates to P/GF-1 companion diagnostic methods and products.
9 citations
TL;DR: The molecular characteriza-tion of the individual’s tumor has been particularly useful for identifying patients most likely to respond to anti-EGFR thera-pies, such as the small molecules gefitinib and erlotinib, and the monoclonal anti-bodies cetuximab and panitumumab.
Abstract: Personalized medicine aims to manage a patient’s treatment options based on the specific characteristics of the individual, including age, disease traits, environmen-tal factors and genetic profile. In addi-tion to standard pathological techniques, molecular profiling of a patient’s diseased tissue can help diagnose the malignancy, characterize the stage of the disease and potentially identify a specific therapy that is most likely to provide the patientwith clinical benefit. Oncology is an area in which personalized medicine provides great promise, particularly for targeted therapeutics. The molecular characteriza-tion of the individual’s tumor has been particularly useful for identifying patients most likely to respond to anti-EGFR thera-pies, such as the small molecules gefitinib and erlotinib, and the monoclonal anti-bodies cetuximab and panitumumab. Trastuzumumab, which targets another EGF receptor (EGFR) family member (HER2 and ERBB2), has also greatly benefited from the molecular stratifica-tion of patients. Indeed, several of these therapies may never have achieved regula-tory approval without the imple mentation of a companion diagnostic. For instance, overexpression of HER2 is a prerequisite for treatment of breast cancer patients with trastuzumab, while the presence of mutant
8 citations
Patent•
19 Mar 2009
TL;DR: In this article, a method of screening for an agent effective in the treatment of cancer was proposed, which consisted of determining the quantity of the proteins Cdk1 and Cdk4 in a cancer cell sample; treating the cancer cell with the agent to be screened; and identifying an effective agent as one which causes the amount of the protein Cdkl to increase relative to the number of protein cdk4.
Abstract: The present invention provides a method of screening for an agent effective in the treatment of cancer, which method comprises: a) determining the quantity of the proteins Cdk1 and Cdk4 in a cancer cell sample; b) treating the cancer cell sample with the agent to be screened; c) determining the quantities of the proteins Cdk1 and Cdk4 in the treated cancer cell sample; and d) identifying an effective agent as one which causes the quantity of the protein Cdkl to increase relative to the quantity of the protein Cdk4 in the cancer cell sample.