Showing papers on "Contemporary society published in 1985"
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of feminist identity development for women is presented based on Cross's theory of Black identity development and is based on the premise that women who live in contemporary society must first acknowledge, then struggle with, and repeatedly work through their feelings about the prejudice and discrimination they experience as women in order to achieve authentic and positive feminist identity.
Abstract: This article presents a model of feminist identity development for women. The model is derived, in part, from Cross's (1971) theory of Black identity development and is based on the premise that women who live in contemporary society must first acknowledge, then struggle with, and repeatedly work through their feelings about the prejudice and discrimination they experience as women in order to achieve authentic and positive feminist identity. The stages in this process include passive acceptance, revelation, embeddedness-emanation, synthesis, and active commitment. Implications of the model are outlined for women, nonsexist and feminist psychotherapies and contemporary society.
512 citations
Book•
30 Oct 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a framework for thinking about hazards and hazard management, for measuring the consequences of technological risk for society, and for assessing the appropriateness of various hazard management techniques.
Abstract: This book presents a comparative perspective of technological risks confronting contemporary society. The authors provide a framework for thinking about hazards and hazard management, for measuring the consequences of technological risk for society, and for assessing the appropriateness of various hazard management techniques.
223 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: The authors ) is a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students preparing for teaching, social work, other human-service professions, health professions, and mental health professions that acquaints students with parenting in three major areas: concepts, challenges, and changes.
Abstract: Revised edition of a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students preparing for teaching, social work, other human-service professions, health professions, and mental health professions. It acquaints students with parenting in three major areas: concepts, challenges, and changes; diverse fa
159 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relative neglect of political analysis in most of the literature on global resource scarcity and ecological crisis is criticised, and it is argued that substantial and persisting increases in the scarcity of widely-sought resources in contemporary societies tend to create greater material inequalities within and among societies, intensify internal and international conflict, and a shift from open toward more closed and authoritarian political institutions.
Abstract: This essay criticizes the relative neglect of political analysis in most of the literature on global resource scarcity and ecological crisis. It proposes that substantial and persisting increases in the scarcity of widely-sought resources in contemporary societies tend to create greater material inequalities within and among societies, intensify internal and international conflict, and a shift from open toward more closed and authoritarian political institutions. National policy responses which facilitate accommodation to ecological limits are contrasted with pro-growth policies. Historical and contemporary evidence is cited in support of the argument. Implications for the Third World and North-South relations are suggested. The analysis is intended to promote empirical research that will qualify both the unrealistic political optimism of ecological analysts and the technological optimism of the proponents of further growth.
143 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the role of low-caste protest in nineteenth-century western India and its role in the emergence of a distinctive radical voice, including Jotirao Phule and his circle.
Abstract: Acknowledgements Notes on translations and area under study, with map Part I. Introduction: 1. Low caste protest in nineteenth-century western India Part II. Religion and Society Under Early British Rule: 2. From warrior traditions to nineteenth-century politics: structure, ideology, and identity in the Maratha-kunbi caste complex 3. The crisis of cultural legitimacy: missionaries, reformers, and Hindu society in the mid-nineteenth century 4. The growth of religious reform opinion in western India Part III. Jotirao Phule and his circle: the emergence of a distinctive radical voice: 5. Student radicals in mid-nineteenth-century Maharashtra 6. The Aryan invasions and the origins of caste society 7. Warriors and cultivators: the reinterpretation of popular culture 8. Maratha history as polemic: low caste ideology and political debate in late nineteenth-century Maharashtra Part IV. The Lower Caste Community in Contemporary Society: 9. Religious emancipation and political competition 10. Social protest and the construction of a religious ethic 11. Traditional privileges and new skills: Phule's analysis of the nature of Brahman power 12. The Satyashodhak Samaj in the 1870s Part V. Ideology and the Non-Brahman Movement in the 1880s: 13. Phule's polemic in the 1880s: the ideological construction of rural life and labour 14. The non-Brahman movement in the 1880s 15. Epilogue: ideology and politics in nineteenth-century western India Bibliographic note Bibliography Glossary Index.
86 citations
Posted Content•
27 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: This article explored the historical and literary context of Kafka's writings and linked them with his emerging sense of Jewish identity, emphasizing Kafka's concern with contemporary society, his distrust of its secular humanitarianism, and his yearning for a new kind of community: one based on religion.
Abstract: This major new study explores the historical and literary context of Kafka's writings and links them with his emerging sense of Jewish identity. Emphasized throughout is kafka's concern with contemporary society, his distrust of its secular humanitarianism, and his yearning for a new kind of community: one based on religion. Robertson points out that in Kafka's early writing, social themes as well as psychological and moral ones are prominent but that in the later fiction many allusions and images are drawn from jewish history and tradition. His aphorisms-whose significance has been overlooked until now-are interpreted as a coherent and profound meditation on religion and society and as the intellectual framework for much of the fiction.
27 citations
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: The Child Development Project (CDP) as discussed by the authors is a project whose purpose is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive school and home-based program to enhance prosocial tendencies in young children.
Abstract: This chapter describes a project whose purpose is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive school- and home-based program to enhance prosocial tendencies in young children. This project (called the Child Development Project) was initiated in response to what we see as some critical problems in contemporary society: inadequate levels of social responsibility and concern for others’ welfare, accompanied by excessive self-centeredness and social alienation.1 These phenomena may be reflected in such recent trends as increasing vandalism, violence, delinquency, and school discipline problems. Although there are undoubtedly multiple determinants of these trends, the project is guided by the assumption that they can be effectively ameliorated through strengthening children’s tendencies to behave in more socially positive ways. The aim is to encourage children to be concerned about and responsive to the needs of others, without at the same time inappropriately sacrificing their own legitimate needs and interests.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a basic status politics explanation of orientation toward the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) is assessed in a metropolitan sampling of adults and the data, drawn from a metropolitan sample of adults, confirm the utility of the status politics perspective in accounting for who supports and who oppose the amendment.
Abstract: A basic status politics explanation of orientation toward the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) is assessed in this paper. Conflicting orientations toward ERA areshown to stem from perceptions that broader personal values, and those concerning gender and parental roles, are in undesirable competition with alternative values in contemporary society. The data, drawn from a metropolitan sampling of adults, confirm the utility of the status politics perspective in accounting for who supports and who opposes the amendment. This paper puts forth and tests a basic explanation of orientation toward the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). The presence of intense feelings, both among those who support the issue and those who oppose it, is shown to stem from a basic clash of values. At a more general level, this involves the perception that broader personal values are threatened; at a more specific level, this centers around the definition and legitimacy of gender and parental roles. Such cultural conflict falls under the rubric of "status politics" in the sociological literature. It arises when a set of established values appears out of joint with changing social conditions. When carried out in the political arena, this type of conflict represents an attempt to assert the cultural dominance and desirability of one set of values over the other. Hence, the status politics perspective provides a framework for explaining why conflicts of this kind emerge and, of particular interest to us here, gives an account of the correlates associated with orientation toward ERA. Status Politics and the Equal Rights Amendment The proposed Equal Rights Amendment states simply, "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by *Address correspondence to the author, Department of Sociology, University of Oklahoma,
TL;DR: The popularity of social experimentation in contemporary American society is discussed in relation to: 1) the human need to explore and grow; 2) the opportunities afforded by modem society; and 3) the conflicts between various interest groups in society.
Abstract: The present article uses Lifton's protean man concept to describe a pattern of social experimentation with new religious, cultic and self-growth groups in con temporary American society. However, proteanism or social experimentation is understood herein to signify a positive search by some for meaning, identity and community, and to describe more aptly a new social role, rather than a new form of self-process. We delineate the social experimenter role and its various support systems within society (i.e., the cultic/self-growth subculture, the entrepreneurs of experience, and the cominant culture itself). In conclusion, we discuss the popularity of social experimentation in contemporary American society in relation to: 1) the human need to explore and grow; 2) the opportunities afforded by modem society; and 3) the conflicts between various interest groups in society.
TL;DR: The current interest in spirituality reaches far beyond the circle of religious education specialists and expresses a widespread concern with the rediscovery of a much neglected dimension in contemporary society, education and religious life as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The current interest in spirituality reaches far beyond the circle of religious education specialists. It expresses a widespread concern with the rediscovery of a much neglected dimension in contemporary society, education and religious life. In the following reflections I propose to look at some important changes in secular society and consciousness, at the meaning of spirituality and the way we can develop a sense of spiritual awareness, especially in a classroom situation, in order to recover an important dimension of human experience which points to the possibility of transcendence and liberation.
TL;DR: In this article, the meaning and depth of these changes and their relationship to medical libraries are discussed and ideas for creating organizational environments that allow and encourage people to embrace change and initiate innovations are presented.
Abstract: Immense cultural changes are taking place in contemporary society. We are in the initial stage of a new era in which our society will view itself and its relationship with an increasingly technetronic world in radically different ways. Powered by abundant, proliferating technology, the advent of this new global epoch demands reasoned personal and professional responses reflecting unique modes of thought and behavior. This article discusses these changes and the meaning and depth of their relationship to medical libraries. Ideas for creating organizational environments that allow and encourage people to embrace change and initiate innovations are presented. Only by actively debating and creatively experimenting with these and other ideas will we be able to ensure our continued viability as information specialists and managers in the future.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on a local saint venerated in N.W. Tunisia and build up a framework which opens out the historical content for analysis, informed by an analysis of the social and religious organization of contemporary society and by historical evidence derived from other oral sources.
Abstract: The myth, the author focus upon, is that of Sidi Mhammad, a local saint venerated in N.W. Tunisia. After presenting the myth and briefly indicating the relatively ahistorical elements, the author builds up a framework which opens out the historical content for analysis. This framework is informed by an analysis of the social and religious organization of contemporary society and by historical evidence derived from other oral sources. The main aim is to show how the historical interpretation of myths should not be attempted in isolation, but against the background of much more comprehensive information about the past and the present of the society. Bibliogr., noten
TL;DR: Alexander as discussed by the authors described three polar and antagonistic forces that underlie the tensions reflected in the 1 theme of the International Federation of Social Work : Survival and Developmeant : Choices and R«ponsibilities : Challenges for Social Work.
Abstract: * Chauncey A. Alexander, ACSW, CAE, 8072 Driftwood Dr. Huntingdon Beach, CA 92646. The above is a paper delivered at the International Conference on Social Development in Canada, August 1984. ’~(3 polar and antagonistic forces T underlie the tensions reflected in the 1 theme of the International Federation of Social Work : Survival and Developmeant : Choices and R«ponsibilities : Challenges for Social Work. The onrushing economic Goliath of contemporary society often seems destined to pulverize the timerous social David of humanistic ethics.
TL;DR: The authors traces curriculum trends from the late nineteenth century to the present, and concludes that educators must take the lessons of the past and shape a plan for the future, which is the message of this writer.
Abstract: Contemporary society is facing rapid and fundamental changes, and educators must take the lessons of the past and shape a plan for the future. That's the message of this writer, who traces curriculum trends from the late nineteenth century to the present.
TL;DR: In this article, the role of leisure as a component of the social imagery is discussed, with special reference to Le Corbusier's arguments in La Ville Radieuse.
Abstract: In the aftermath of the First World War, the architects of the Modern Movement developed a powerful imagery of both the physical form of the future city and the shape of the society likely to live there. The role of leisure as a component of the social imagery is discussed, with special reference to Le Corbusier's arguments in La Ville Radieuse. It is shown that the imagery of leisure, as with other aspects of social imagery, was tributary to, and largely served to legitimize, the physical imagery.
TL;DR: The human potential movement urgently needs to look again at the Judeo-Christian heritage, in all its richness and diversity, in order to get in touch with its roots in the West and, thereby, bring a whole new dimension to its work and continued growth.
Abstract: Having "turned East" in the 1960s and 1970s, the human potential movement urgently needs to look again at the Judeo-Christian heritage, in all its richness and diversity, in order to get in touch with its roots in the West and, thereby, bring a whole new dimension to its work and continued growth. Similarly, dialogue with existential, humanistic, and transpersonal psychologies can revitalize the therapeutic and pedagogic aspects of the Judeo-Christian traditions, thus making them more relevant to contemporary society. Such cross-fertilization can be of great importance in the development of a truly Western "yoga" that is theologically and philosophically articulate, as well as psychologically and spiritually effective. Furthermore, closer cooperation between contemporary humanistic psychology and the radically anthropocentric tradition within Judaism and Christianity would bring to the human potential movement a much needed sense of tradition and continuity with the past, a deeper awareness of human histo...
Dissertation•
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the role, nature, and significance of the aesthetic avant-garde on forms of contemporary culture of the twentieth century are examined from an interpretive approach, in which various theoretical perspectives are synthesized to establish the framework for the argument of this thesis.
Abstract: The thesis examines the role, nature, and significance of the aesthetic avant-garde on forms of contemporary culture of the twentieth century. It is argued that the integration of aesthetic avant-garde strategies into expressive popular culture forms serves to "aestheticize" popular culture-based commodities. The social communicative expressions of the aesthetic avant-garde are investigated from an interpretive approach, in that various theoretical perspectives are synthesized to establish the framework for the argument of this thesis. In this way, evidence is given that the aesthetic avant-garde has a subcultural base, that the oppositional and anti-structural tendencies of these subcultures form expressive patterns which are found in current popular production, and that the aesthetic avant-garde has modified and transformed cultural production in contemporary society. It is argued that an understanding of contemporary popular culture forms is dependent on an analysis of the major impact that the aesthetic avant-garde has had on the structure and consumption of popular consumer culture.
TL;DR: The identity as sacred/holy of contemporary society is discussed in this article, where the authors propose a set of criteria for identifying the identity of a person as a symbol of faith.
Abstract: (1985). Identity as sacred/holy of contemporary society. Religion Today: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 10-11.
TL;DR: Employee involvement in decision-making processes in work organisations has been a hot topic in the UK since the late 80s as discussed by the authors. But it has not been widely discussed in the media.
Abstract: Introduction One of the major problems facing work organisations in contemporary society is that of employee involvement in decisions taken within the organisation. The extensive debate on industrial democracy in the United Kingdom has received impetus through the Directives and Statutes of the European Economic Community urging the various parties to reach some form of agreement. Some behavioural scientists seem to have little difficulty in documenting the benefits derived by both the employee and the organisation emanating from the experience of a more participatory organisational style in many British and foreign organisations. More recently the cudgels for increased participation have been wielded by members of all three major political parties in the UK, clearly none to be outwitted by the others when it comes to offering a “better” package to the electorate. The late 80s are likely to be a time when election time pronouncements and commitments are put to the test. Trade unionists and industrialists, through their respective representative bodies, are naturally enough taking a lively, though somewhat more guarded, interest in the subject. Whether the issue is regarded as political, moral or ideological there is a strong climate of opinion, from all of these bodies, in favour of an increase of employee influence over organisations' decision‐making structures. This concern is reflected in legislation both at national and EEC level.
01 Mar 1985
TL;DR: Ermann and Lundman's book as mentioned in this paper is an updated version of a 1978 book of readings of the same title, which is an extremely useful book for teaching white-collar crime courses to American students.
Abstract: This book is an updated version of a 1978 book of readings of the same title. Nearly half the chapters are new though not original. It is an extremely useful book for teaching whitecollar crime courses to American students. I have used it very successfully for such a purpose in the United States. For Australian courses it leaves a lot to be desired, however, as all but one of the substantive case studies are American. The book begins with a cogent overview by the editors of the organizational deviance perspective. Subsequent readings highlight different elements of this perspective. Ermann and Lundman’s book differs from others on white-collar and corporate crime in that it devotes quite a deal of attention to the deviance defining process as well as to the factors which predispose organizations to break the law. At one level this is a virtue because it swims against the hypocrisy of a sociology which finds the ’soft’ labelling perspective comfortable when dealing with powerless offenders while resorting to positivist analyses of the causes of objective harms for crimes of the powerful. At another level, however, we must question whether ’deviance’ is really the best construct to import into the analysis of the kinds of phenomena which are the subjects of the readingsthe thalidomide disaster, the Kepone environmental disaster, policy corruption in New York, price fixing in the heavy electrical equipment industry, mail intercepts by the CIA, the Santa Barbara oil spill. Exploitation, abuse of power,
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the internal dynamics of mathematics and argue that modern society can influence the changes in the internal laws of the development of science, and that this is true for the mathematics also.
Abstract: The tension in earlier Marxist analyses of mathematics between the idea that mathematics is a social product and the idea that it is in some sense independent of social forces continues to affect contemporary Marxist studies of the social roots of mathematics. The Bulgarian mathematician Iliev’s paper on “Mathematics in Modern Society” in a special issue of the Polish quarterly, Problems of the Science of Science, illustrates this tension weighted in favor of the independence assumption.1 Iliev emphasizes the internal dynamics of mathematics. This is treated quite technically and in some detail. The societal dimensions of mathematical development are mentioned, but only in passing. The following statements illustrate Iliev’s orientation: (a) “Mathematics has served the needs of all the social and economic formations”; (b) “Mathematics has always been at the basis of technical progress”; (c) “Three important phenomena in mathematics are reflected in the development of all sciences and all conscious human activities of modern society: the construction and realization of mathematical structures, the mathematical foundations of computer technology and cybernetics, and simulation”; (d) The latter phenomena “and the technical problems they involve have their origin in the development of other sciences and society itself”; and (e) “…a change in the object of scientific research leads to a change in the internal laws of the development of science. Since contemporary society possesses means of directing science towards corresponding objects, we get the basic conclusion: modern society can influence the changes in the internal laws of the development of science. In particular, this is true for the mathematics also”.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The Lindisfarne Association as mentioned in this paper is a Utopian community of contemplatives founded by William Irwin Thompson in the early 1970s in the United States, and it shares many of the characteristics of the American Utopians of the nineteenth century.
Abstract: While many Utopian writers have depicted new and radically different communities, few have transformed their ideas into living realities. William Irwin Thompson, on the other hand, not content to be merely a scholar and a critic, has gone beyond analyzing the flaws of contemporary society to found a community of contemplatives that embodies his insights into post-industrial civilization. As a cultural historian, Thompson believes that we are now at the edge of a transition from industrial society to a post-industrial ^ra. His Lindisfarne As sociation, founded in 1972, is not a community that seeks to withdraw from contemporary society. Rather, his aspirations are that Lindisfarne will serve as a prototype of the kind of community that can successfully negotiate the passage from one form of civilization to another. Yet the Lindisfarne Association is also a distinctively American phenomenon. It shares many of the characteristics of the American Utopian communities of the nineteenth cen tury?communal religiosity, care and craftsmanship in the construction of places of worship, an implicit millennialism, a deep respect for nature, an exalted vision of America's des tiny, and a passionate interest in reconstructing the contem porary world. Whether Lindisfarne will also suffer the same fate as many of those communities?namely, disappearance after a brief existence?remains an open question. The an swer will depend, in part, on whether the organizational changes being experienced by the Lindisfarne Association will enhance its chances for survival. Although they are discussed in this essay, these changes have occurred so recently that it