Showing papers on "Dominion published in 1976"

The Road to Enfranchisement: Chinese and Japanese in British Columbia

Abstract: In the wake of the Second World War, the legislature of British Columbia voted to give the long-denied franchise to citizens of Oriental descent. The granting of the vote symbolized a significant change in public attitudes toward the Chinese and Japanese. Moreover, enfranchisement reflected a change in prevailing conceptions of the nature of Canadian citizenship and political rights. The extended discussions and debates preceding the final step were shaped by the structure of B.C. politics and the relations of province and dominion. The road to the enfranchisement of the Chinese in 1947 and the Japanese in 1949 led through a wartime experience which was a crucible for fears and hatreds on the one hand and ideals and aspirations on the other. The Chinese became allies, the Japanese enemies. Precipitated by wartime conditions, decisions on compulsory military training and on the relocation of the Japanese engendered discussion of the franchise. Liberals protested against the continued withholding of legal equality from Orientals; after the war, they fought successfully to prevent wholesale deportation of Japanese-Canadians. Canada's adherence to the United Nations Charter and her definition of a uniform status of Canadian citizenship highlighted the discrepancy between her stated ideals and her treatment of the Chinese and Japanese. Spokesmen for the old-line B.C. views gradually found themselves on the defensive. In 1947, the B.C. legislature gave the vote to the Chinese. Two years later it enfranchised the Japanese. Tracing the issue of Oriental enfranchisement from 1935 to 1949 permits an analysis of the events, trends, and concepts which eventually broke down the long-standing British Columbia hostility toward Orientals. Denial of the vote was one of a galaxy of restrictions on Orientals. Antagonistic to Orientals on both racial and economic grounds, white British Columbians had gradually secured federal and provincial restrictions on Oriental immigration, economic activity, and political rights. Citizens of Chinese and Japanese ancestry, with the exception of a hand-

Canadian Sovereignty in the Arctic: The Neptune Expedition of 1903-04

Abstract: Prior to 1903, Canada did not effectively exercise jurisdiction over its Arctic territories, where men of various nationalities carried out whaling, hunting, trading and mining without any restriction. The Dominion Government Expedition of 1903-04 on board the Neptune constituted the first significant step towards the assertion of Canadian authority in the eastern Arctic, particularly in Hudson Bay. Its members established a police post, implemented customs procedures, prohibited trade in the hides of musk-ox (an endangered species), and informed the Eskimos that Edward VII was their king. In addition to demonstrating the Dominion Government's authority over its Arctic territories, the Neptune Expedition helped to promote the decline of the whaling industry, which for decades had provided the economic basis of Eskimo life in certain regions.

The Old Dominion in the Seventeenth Century: A Documentary History of Virginia, 1606-1689

Abstract: This important teaching tool and research volume brings together more than 200 period documents on topics including the settlement of Jamestown, the structure of government and society, labor, the economy, Indian-Anglo relations, and Bacon's Rebellion. This revised, expanded, and updated edition adds approximately 30 additional documents. Freshly rethought chapter introductions and suggested readings incorporate the vast scholarship of the past 30 years. New illustrations of seventeenth-century artifacts and buildings enrich the texts with recent archaeological findings. With these enhancements, and a full index, the documents are even more enlightening.

The Prairie west to 1905 : a Canadian sourcebook

Abstract: When the prairie region was transferred to Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company, the central government acquired control over a territory that had a 200-year history of economic and cultural interchange between Indians mixed-bloods, and whites. The federal government was determined to administer the new lands in the interests of the dominion as a whole, and to that end the relationship of the prairie west to the central government was to be that of a colony, a statement borne out by the acts establishing Manitoba and later Saskatchewan and Alberta as provinces, for control over the public lands and resources in all three provinces was retained by the federal government until as late as 1930. Furthermore, the federal government wished to see established in the prairie west a society based on the values that were thought to be embodied in Central Canada, the values of a peaceful, ordered, and law-abiding community-essentially British values.

A Study of Conflict in Northern Ireland: An Application of Metagame Theory

Abstract: This paper summarizes a study of the conflict in Northern Ireland using the particular analytic technique of metagame theory known as the analysis of options.Four major alternative political structures were identified and the relative stability of each was analyzed. The alternatives were: (1) a United Ireland, (2) Dominion status or legislative independence for Northern Ireland, (3) Colonial status with a legislative Assembly subordinate to the British Government, and token representation at Westminster, (4) an integrated Parliament of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Alternatives (2) and (3) were evaluated with and without a Council of Ireland or other link with the Republic of Ireland.The results suggest the most stable structure would be Dominion status for Northern Ireland with constitutional guarantees for participation by minorities in the processes of government.

Australia and imperial defence, 1918-39: A study in air and sea power

Abstract: INTRODUCTION The study of military affairs in Australia has beennlargely ignored by historians and political scientists. A criticalnanalysis of anything other than contemporary defencenpolicies has likewise been neglected. Apart from the informationnscattered throughout the official war histories, nonaccount of the armed services nor of the formulation andnimplementation of defence policy exists for the interwarnperiod. The aim of this book is to fill part of the gap. It isnintended to examine the development of the air force and thenrelationship between air power and sea power in Australianndefence in terms of the Imperial defence relationship as itnexisted between the formulation of the 1923 Imperial Conferencendefence resolutions and the outbreak of war withnGermany in September 1939. The strategic principlesnembodied in the qFleet to Singaporeq concept governedninterwar defence planning. It follows that the attitude of thengovernment and the Australian armed services towards thenSingapore strategy will be given an extended analysis. Thennature of the Imperial defence connection in the interwarnyears will be examined in an effort to show how the partnershipnbetween Australia and the United Kingdom operated. Itnis hoped to demonstrate some of the solutions offered bynAustralian and United Kingdom defence planners to specificnproblems and to reach some conclusions regarding the valuenof the Imperial connection to Australian defence generally.n Imperial defence may be defined as the joint defence ofnUnited Kingdom possessions and interests by a combinationnof United Kingdom, Dominion, and Colonial forces. Australian participation may be dated from 1885 when anmixture of fear and pragmatism led the Australian colonies tonoffer the United Kingdom troops to fight the Mahdi in thenSudan. For all its appearance as a spontaneous gesture, thendispatch of the Sudan contingent from New South Wales wasna result of a realistic understanding that the colonies couldnonly find protection through British sea power and insidensome framework of Imperialism. In an early expression ofnqforward defenceq, Dibbs, premier of New South Wales,nexplained that Australia was defending itself in Egypt just asnif qthe common enemy menaced us in the colonyq; and thatnqupon the success of British arms in the Sudan, the fate ofnIndia in all probability hinges. And if that success concernsnIndia it also concerns the Australian colonies.q Dibbs wasnestablishing what was to become a theoretical first principlenof Imperial defence: that the Empire was composed of interdependentnparts. Thereafter it was made increasingly clearnthat Australian forces would be available to fight in Imperialnwarshh..n

Dollars over Dominion: United States Economic Interests in Mexico, 1861-1867

Abstract: A NUMBER OF HISTORIANS have examined United States investment in Mexico before and following the American Civil War, but no one has studied the period from 1861 until 1867 in MexicanUnited States economic relations.' In spite of the American Civil War and Mexico's fifty-year history of disorder, revolution, and civil war-capped in 1861 by the intervention of France, England, and Spain-United States speculators launched an intense campaign to gain concessions and investment opportunities during the years from 1861 to 1867. Although their successes were few, the promoters gained considerable business experience and information about Mexico's economy. Why these unlikely years witnessed the unleashing of a pack of American capitalists is not entirely clear. Certainly a key event was the arrival to power of the Republican party, which, in contrast to the Democratic party with its well-known emphasis on territorial expansion, sought to exert United States political influence through

Thomas D'Arcy McGee as a Father of Canadian Literature

Abstract: Thomas D'Arcy McGee, a Father of Confederation, was a literary as well as a political figure, being not only a poet but a "prophet" of a Canadian literature and a new nationality in the years preceding Confederation He argued for revisions in the British Copyright Legislation in order to assist Canadian publishers, objecting to the dominance of American and British literature He realized that the New Dominion could not be satisfied with books produced elsewhere, and recognized the necessity to seek out in other cultures what was most pertinent to a Canadian need to create "a genuine, modest, deep-seated culture" characterized by "northern energy"