Showing papers on "Electricity meter published in 1970"

Demand metering system for electric energy

Abstract: Disclosed is a variable rate electric metering system including electric meters selectively operable at three or more speeds, and a meter remote control system having a control signal generator at the power station to transmit a multi-tone control code reflective of overall system demand over the powerlines and receiving means associated with each meter responsive to the tones to adjust the meter speed. A consumer cost display unit is provided to give an indication of both overall system demand and actual customer power consumption in terms of dollars per hour spent. Wired-in and portable cost display units are disclosed.

A Laser Power Meter for Large Beams

Abstract: A power meter is described in detail for large or divergent laser beams, either cw or repetitively pulsed. The meter measures the flow of heat generated by the beam and is calibrated with an electrical heater wound just behind the absorbing surface. The meter is capable of power measurements of 1 to 30 W accurate to ±2.5%.

Connectionless electrical meter for measuring voltage or power factor

Abstract: A connectionless electrical meter is described which is capable of measuring the power carried by a conductor at a voltage with respect to ground, or the power factor thereof, without the necessity for any ohmic connection between the meter and the circuit being measured. Conductor current is measured by magnetic induction with an openable transformer core which surrounds the conductor. A signal in-phase with the voltage is obtained by electrostatic induction. In certain embodiments of the invention, a unique voltage probe is used for obtaining a signal proportional to the conductor voltage. Apparatus described herein employing such voltage probe is additionally useful for measurement of voltage independently of power or power factor.

Method and apparatus for transmitting information in meter reading

Abstract: For transmitting information representing the readings of a plurality of meters a separate translating unit is provided. This unit includes a separate encoder for each of the meters which converts analog information derived from the associated meter into digital information. The translating unit preferably includes a scanner for interrogating successively the outputs of the encoders. Information from the scanner is transmitted to a translator which may comprise a device for recording the transmitted information or which may comprise a computer for performing desired operations on the information. If the output of the scanner is to be modified before transmission to the translator the translating unit desirably may include an interface for performing the desired modification. If the meters to be read include an electric meter and a fluid meter preferably electric energy required for operating the translating unit is derived from the source of electric energy being measured by the electric meter.

Closing plate for electric meter housing

Abstract: A closing plate for an electric meter housing has a transparent central portion which prevents unauthorized access into a meter housing, and a pair of rearwardly-extending cylindrical skirt portions which are located and dimensioned to engage with surfaces existant in different types of meter housings.

Electrical meter reading system

Abstract: A telemetering system for sequentially interrogating a plurality of meters and successively transmitting the data thereon to a remote station for suitable processing, such as the sequential reading of meters indicating the consumption of electrical energy, gas, water, and similar meters, and transmitting the readings by encoded electrical signals to a central station or other location where the readings may be recorded and stored for future processing or may be fed directly to a suitable computer for computation, recording, and billing for the service rendered. An encoder provides electrical pulses corresponding to the reading on each meter dial and the dial readings are sequentially encoded and transmitted to the processing station. After all dials of a meter have been read, a coded pulsed identification is transmitted indicating the meter just read. When there is only one meter at a reader location, the reading and information encoding is followed by a transfer signal sent from the meter just completed to the next meter location in the sequence to energize the reader at this latter meter location. Should this latter meter location be out of operation, the transfer signal is transmitted to the next sequential meter reader until an operative meter is reached. The interrogating, encoding, and transmitting, as previously explained, is then repeated until the entire sequence of meters has been read. When there is a plurality of meters at one location, only one master encoder and one master meter and dial selector are required for all meters at that location, provided the master units are built to read and transmit the number of meters thus grouped together. If the master unit is built to handle more meters than those in the group, provision is made to transmit the transfer signal when all meters in the group have been read, thus avoiding needless waiting for completion of a reading cycle longer than that required for the actual meters in the group.

A New DC-AC Digital Power and Energy Meter

Abstract: A new power and energy-to-frequency converter is described. Its operation is based on two closed-loop mean-square value-to-frequency converters of new conception in which a direct digital feedback is used. Error analysis is carried out and performance data of an experimental circuit using indirectly heated thermistors are given. The instrument is suitable for digital power measurement for both dc and ac wide-band signals disregarding its waveform.

The Bolovac and Its Applications

Abstract: The Bolovac is a novel device for the standardization and measurement of TEM voltage, current, and power from below 1 MHz through 18 GHz (potentially through 36 GHz). It can be used for attentuation measurement and as a superior impedance termination at all the above-mentioned frequencies. To date it is the first and only practical means of calibrating microwave current indicators and of evaluating oscilloscopes displaying 25-ps or shorter risetime pulses. It is felt that application of the Bolovac will radically improve power measurements. It reduces the problems arising from mismatch-error uncertainties, one of the major present sources of concem in power measurement; measurement of complex reflection coefficients; complex computations; use of error-limit charts; and measurement of effective efficiency and calibration factors. Its application should radically increase optimum accuracy and measurement-time efficiency in calibration facilities outside the National Bureau of Standards. The Bolovac together with an RF generator can be used as a source of known voltage. It can also be used as an absorption power meter. It needs no RF calibration. It has a range as high as 40 dB depending on the desired precision and on whether one or more sensors (special bolometric disks) are used. Voltages down to 0.1 volt with accuracies of 0.5 percent and better (and corresponding power in 50-ohm systems) have been measured. The paper describes the general features and application of the Bolovac and lists references to more comprehensive papers on the subject.

A Wide-Range CW Power Measurement Technique

Abstract: An accurate power measurement technique is described, which makes possible the determination of the net power delivered to a load of arbitrary impedance over a wide power range. A standard power meter is employed to fix a reference power level. Subsequent measurements consist of dimensionless ratios that can be obtained from precision attenuators. The method is applicable to a very wide range of frequencies and was demonstrated at a frequency of 30 MHz with power measurements extending from 10-2 to 10-14 watt. Maximum uncertainties ranged from ~0.5 to 1.5 percent. This technique is applicable in the measurement of the sensitivity of very-low-level detectors, receivers, radiometers, etc.

Performance Analysis of Electronic Single-phase Watt-hour Meter

Abstract: The meter has a very close relationship between the measurement performance and the measurement chip. However, there is a certain defect in the operation of this type of energy meter. Once the measurement chip is unreasonable, there is a certain degree of waste of electricity. In this paper, several kinds of electronic single-phase energy meter to simulate the practical application of the special test, and the performance of these metering chip were analyzed and studied.