Showing papers on "Electronic waste published in 2005"
TL;DR: The Basel Ban, an amendment to the Basel Convention that has not yet come into force, would go one step further by prohibiting the export of e-waste from developed to industrializing countries as discussed by the authors.
1,377 citations
TL;DR: In this article, various recycling technologies for the glass, plastics, and metals found in e-waste are discussed and compared on the basis of available technologies, resources, and material input-output systems.
Abstract: The useful life of consumer electronic devices is relatively short, and decreasing as a result of rapid changes in equipment features and capabilities. This creates a large waste stream of obsolete electronic equipment, electronic waste (e-waste). Even though there are conventional disposal methods for e-waste, these methods have disadvantages from both the economic and environmental viewpoints. As a result, new e-waste management options need to be considered, for example, recycling. But electronic recycling has a short history, so there is not yet a solid infrastructure in place. In this paper, the first half describes trends in the amount of e-waste, existing recycling programs, and collection methods. The second half describes various methods available to recover materials from e-waste. In particular, various recycling technologies for the glass, plastics, and metals found in e-waste are discussed. For glass, glass-to-glass recycling and glass-to-lead recycling technologies are presented. For plastics, chemical (feedstock) recycling, mechanical recycling, and thermal recycling methods are analyzed. Recovery processes for copper, lead, and precious metals such as silver, gold, platinum, and palladium are reviewed. These processes are described and compared on the basis of available technologies, resources, and material input–output systems.
494 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the current status of WEEE recycling and disposal in China, and its impacts on the environment, human health, and the economy are discussed, as well as the legislative and market responses to the WEEE issue, and how these will be affected by Chinese attitudes and practices towards recycling.
378 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an integrated framework for the modeling of reverse supply chain management of electronic waste, which includes recycling, and constructed the multitiered e-cycling network equilibrium model, establishing the variational inequality formulation, whose solution yields the material flows as well as the prices.
Abstract: In this paper, we develop an integrated framework for the modeling of reverse supply chain management of electronic waste, which includes recycling. We describe the behavior of the various decision-makers, consisting of the sources of electronic waste, the recyclers, the processors, as well as the consumers associated with the demand markets for the distinct products. We construct the multitiered e-cycling network equilibrium model, establish the variational inequality formulation, whose solution yields the material flows as well as the prices, and provide both qualitative properties of the equilibrium pattern as well as numerical examples that are solved using the proposed algorithm.
276 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an insight into the disposal of end-of-life appliances in both countries, including appliance collection and the financing of recycling systems as well as the social and environmental aspects of the current practices.
254 citations
TL;DR: In the same year, an estimated 100 million obsolete personal computers (PCs) entered waste streams and were either recycled for the recovery of materials or finally disposed of in many parts of the world, both formal and informal recycling industries that deal with the rapidly growing streams of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), or ewaste for short, have emerged as mentioned in this paper.
105 citations
06 May 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the Consumers union has drawn from its own tests of electronics products, consumer survey data and research and analysis of existing e-waste recycling programs to assess the need for changes that will enable consumers to reduce, reuse and recycle greater volumes of this growing category of waste.
Abstract: Growth in the electronics sector and rapid changes in technology mean that more consumers are generating growing volumes of waste electronic equipment, much of which is still operational. Faced with a limited and fragmented recycling and reuse infrastructure, many consumers are storing old equipment in their homes or discarding it with their regular trash. Consumers union has drawn from its own tests of electronics products, consumer survey data and research and analysis of existing e-waste recycling programs to assess the need for changes that will enable consumers to reduce, reuse and recycle greater volumes of this growing category of waste. Our findings suggest that more workable solutions are needed at every stage of the product life cycle to protect consumers, public health and the environment.
66 citations
06 May 2005
TL;DR: In this article, an empirical assessment of the Japanese recycling law for electrical home appliances was conducted, scrutinizing the empirical assessment framework concerning the recycling law and selecting target items to be assessed.
Abstract: The Japanese recycling law for electrical home appliances was fully enforced as of April 2001. Although there have been various disputes and criticisms concerning the law, both before and since the enforcement, the majority was not based on actual data. Now that the recycling law has been active for four years, its effectiveness can be assessed empirically rather than just theoretically. This study therefore conducted an empirical assessment of the Japanese recycling law, scrutinizing the empirical assessment framework concerning the recycling law and selecting target items to be assessed. The results were as follows. (A: Achievement of material cycles) Although recycling had been carried out smoothly, collection should be secured in order to avoid inappropriate treatment. (B: Cost efficiency and monetary flows) Cost efficiency seemed to remain approximately at the same level after the enforcement of the law, whereas incentives for cost reduction had not yet been created. (C: Boundary within or outside the scope of the recycling system) Of the total discarded target waste appliances, the law saw only 43% transferred to the recycling facilities while 22% remained unidentified. Illegal dumping did not increase to the extent feared by the public. While that of air conditioners decreased slightly, that of waste TV sets had apparently increased. Other categories of electrical home appliance accounted for 80% and 25% in numeric and weight terms respectively of 49 electrical home appliances remaining outside the category of appliances targeted by the recycling law. (D: Behavioral changes of stakeholders) Consumer waste reduction prompted by the enforcement of the law was modest although it was expected by the law. Certain retailers collected waste products thoughtlessly, which was more likely to result in inappropriate disposal. Producers were apparently motivated by the law to change their product design.
10 citations
06 May 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, a case study shows the implementation of a highly innovative re-use and recycling system for waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE), which makes use of the latest development in automation and information technology in order to obtain an efficient economical and ecological process.
Abstract: This case study shows the implementation of a highly innovative re-use and recycling system for waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE). This so-called multi life cycle centre will make use of the latest development in automation and information technology in order to obtain an efficient economical and ecological process. In this centre, implemented as pilot plant in Vienna, Austria, WEEE will be transformed back into valuable products. The product groups treated for re-use include IT and telecommunication equipment, consumer electronics, electrical and electronic tools, toys and leisure equipment. Regarding all other product groups the collection and recycling will be organized. The management of the reverse logistic system is based on RFID technology (radio frequency identification). The multi life cycle centre follows the philosophy to recover WEEE at the highest possible level, starting with re-use of the whole product down to the subassembly and component level and finally to the recycling of materials. This approach is unique in the world and we are going to prove that an eco-efficient re-use of WEEE on a large scale can be feasible by using highly sophisticated technologies. The presented paper gives an overview of the various functions of the multi life cycle centre and highlights two key technologies: semi automatic disassembling and reverse logistic based on RFIDs.
7 citations
06 May 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify practical steps that are needed for producers to address WEEE from private households on an individual, rather than a collective basis, and identify a national clearinghouse or register that allows multiple competing consortia to participate.
Abstract: The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive of the European Commission places the responsibility on producers to finance collection and treatment of waste deposited at collection facilities after 13 August 2005, on a collective or individual basis. The research identifies practical steps that are needed for producers to address WEEE from private households on an individual, rather than a collective basis. National schemes prevent individual producer's free access to waste, due to established national networks. To address this, developments in some member states show a national clearinghouse or register is to be formed, allowing multiple competing consortia to participate. Part of the task of the clearinghouse is to apply a scheduled allocation method for pickups by consortia on a geographical basis, and reconcile any recycling activities performed by individual producers.
6 citations
Journal Article•
06 May 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, the EU WEEE Directive (waste electric and electronic equipment) should he implemented by EU member states by having take-back systems in place for electronic waste, but many of the member states will not accomplish this on time and still many interpretation and transposition issues remain.
Abstract: In August this year, the EU WEEE Directive (waste electric and electronic equipment) should he implemented by EU member states by having take-back systems in place for electronic waste. However, many of the EU member states will not accomplish this on time and still many interpretation and transposition issues remain. Extensive discussions are related to the interpretation of Annex II, the monitoring of recycling and recovery rates, on treatment standards and system organization issues like responsibilities of retailers, municipalities and other collection points. Furthermore in the member states without much infrastructure present, authorities, producers and producer organizations and recyclers are still arguing on financing issues (collective or individual, visible fee for consumers or not, accruals, historic waste, etc.). It is expected that due to these developments probably large differences per member state will appear and the opposite of a level playing field for recyclers and producers will be the end result. In this respect it should be avoided that the original idea behind the WEEE Directive, saving electronic products from the waste bin.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce three ways for leaching gold from electronic scraps: smelting-metallurgy, dro-metelurgy and the method of mechanical treatment.
Abstract: The electronic waste's production and it's harm to the environment are presented in this article. In the article, the authors introduce three ways for leaching gold from electronic scraps: smelting-metallurgyhy, dro-metallurgy and the method of mechanical treatment.
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the current product recovery infrastructure in Turkey, and discuss future trends and drivers for successful product take-back in a European Union (EU) candidate country.
Abstract: Discarded electrical and electronic equipment contains valuable materials, low value parts, and hazardous substances. There is a growing concern regarding the management of end-of-use equipment owing to the environmental concerns associated with discarding used devices. Electronic waste or scrap consumes valuable landfill space and may ultimately contaminate groundwater sources. In addition, replacing discarded components with new components typically consumes valuable virgin material resources. With the advent of the WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) Directive, used electrical and electronic products are now being recovered in Turkey as a European Union (EU) candidate country, and several companies in Turkey have begun to recover latent value through disassembly and reuse/recycling of materials and components. To remain competitive, these companies must implement economical and environmentally responsible recovery processes. There are a number of research challenges associated with product recovery. This paper describes the current product recovery infrastructure in Turkey, and discusses future trends and drivers for successful product take-back.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Based on the char- acteristics of electrnic waste, its recycling and using prospect are analyzed, furthermore, sevral measures are presented for recycling of electronic waste as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A lot of electrnic waste are produced with the development of electronic industry,its treatment have noticed by people.Based on the char- acteristics of electrnic waste,its recycling and using prospect are analyzed,furthermore,sevral measures are presented for recycling of electronic waste..