Showing papers on "Emancipation published in 2006"

Moral Capital: Foundations of British Abolitionism

Abstract: Revisiting the origins of the British antislavery movement of the late eighteenth century, Christopher Leslie Brown challenges prevailing scholarly arguments that locate the roots of abolitionism in economic determinism or bourgeois humanitarianism. Brown instead connects the shift from sentiment to action to changing views of empire and nation in Britain at the time, particularly the anxieties and dislocations spurred by the American Revolution. The debate over the political rights of the North American colonies pushed slavery to the fore, Brown argues, giving antislavery organizing the moral legitimacy in Britain it had never had before. The first emancipation schemes were dependent on efforts to strengthen the role of the imperial state in an era of weakening overseas authority. Brown connects disparate strands of the British Atlantic world and brings into focus shifting developments in British identity, attitudes toward Africa, definitions of imperial mission, the rise of Anglican evangelicalism, and Quaker activism. He shows that the abolitionist movement derived its power from a profound yearning for moral worth in the aftermath of defeat and American independence. Thus abolitionism proved to be a cause for the abolitionists themselves as much as for enslaved Africans.

The Good City

Abstract: Can the contemporary city qualify as the topos of the good life, as it has in classical literature on human emancipation? As geographical entities, cities are hardly discernible places with distinc...

Coolies and Cane: Race, Labor, and Sugar in the Age of Emancipation

Abstract: How did thousands of Chinese migrants end up working alongside African Americans in Louisiana after the Civil War? With the stories of these workers, Coolies and Cane advances an interpretation of emancipation that moves beyond U.S. borders and the black-white racial dynamic. Tracing American ideas of Asian labor to the sugar plantations of the Caribbean, Moon-Ho Jung argues that the racial formation of "coolies" in American culture and law played a pivotal role in reconstructing concepts of race, nation, and citizenship in the United States. Jung examines how coolies appeared in major U.S. political debates on race, labor, and immigration between the 1830s and 1880s. He finds that racial notions of coolies were articulated in many, often contradictory, ways. They could mark the progress of freedom; they could also symbolize the barbarism of slavery. Welcomed and rejected as neither black nor white, coolies emerged recurrently as both the salvation of the fracturing and reuniting nation and the scourge of American civilization. Based on extensive archival research, this study makes sense of these contradictions to reveal how American impulses to recruit and exclude coolies enabled and justified a series of historical transitions: from slave-trade laws to racially coded immigration laws, from a slaveholding nation to a "nation of immigrants," and from a continental empire of manifest destiny to a liberating empire across the seas. Combining political, cultural, and social history, Coolies and Cane is a compelling study of race, Reconstruction, and Asian American history.

Gender and Empire

Abstract: Acknowledgements Introduction Women and Unfree Labour in the 18th and 19th Centuries: Slavery, Convict Transportation, Emancipation and Indentured Labour Narratives of Interracial Sexual Assault and Crises of Imperial Rule Masculinities, Imperial Adventuring and Wars Gender and Everyday Life in Colonial Regimes Women in Anti-Colonial and Nationalist Movements Gender and Empire in the Metropole Conclusion Select Bibliography

Pregnancy and Power: A Short History of Reproductive Politics in America

Abstract: Introduction: What Is Reproductive Politics? 1 Racializing the Nation: From the Declaration of Independence to the Emancipation Proclamation, 1776-1865 2 Sex in the City: From Secrecy to Anonymity to Privacy, 1870s to 1920s 3 No Extras: Curbing Fertility during the Great Depression 4 Central Planning: Managing Fertility, Race, and Rights in Postwar America, 1940s to 1960 5 The Human Rights Era: The Rise of Choice, the Contours of Backlash, 1960-1980 6 Revitalizing Hierarchies: How the Aftermath of Roe v. Wade Affected Fetuses, Teenage Girls, Prisoners, and Ordinary Women, 1980 to the Present Notes Acknowledgments Index About the Author

The 1812 Aponte Rebellion in Cuba and the Struggle against Atlantic Slavery

Abstract: In 1812, a series of revolts known collectively as the Aponte Rebellion erupted across the island of Cuba, comprising one of the largest and most important slave insurrections in Caribbean history. Matt Childs provides the first in-depth analysis of the rebellion, situating it in local, colonial, imperial, and Atlantic World contexts. Childs explains how slaves and free people of color responded to the nineteenth-century "sugar boom" in the Spanish colony by planning a rebellion against racial slavery and plantation agriculture. Striking alliances among free people of color and slaves, blacks and mulattoes, Africans and Creoles, and rural and urban populations, rebels were prompted to act by a widespread belief in rumors promising that emancipation was near. Taking further inspiration from the 1791 Haitian Revolution, rebels sought to destroy slavery in Cuba and perhaps even end Spanish rule. By comparing his findings to studies of slave insurrections in Brazil, Haiti, the British Caribbean, and the United States, Childs places the rebellion within the wider story of Atlantic World revolution and political change. The book also features a biographical table, constructed by Childs, of the more than 350 people investigated for their involvement in the rebellion, 34 of whom were executed.

Bolshevism, Patriarchy, and the Nation: The Soviet “Emancipation” of Muslim Women in Pan-Islamic Perspective

Abstract: In this essay, Adrienne Edgar compares Soviet policies toward Central Asian women in the interwar period with gender policies in two other types of Muslim societies—those ruled by European colonizers and those governed by indigenous national elites. She argues that the Soviet “emancipation” of Muslim women in the 1920s and 1930s had little in common with the policies of French and British colonial rulers. Instead, it resembled much more closely the gender reforms of the neighboring independent Muslim states of Turkey, Iran, and Afghanistan. In these Muslim states, as in the Soviet Union, the drive for female emancipation was part of an attempt to create a modern, homogeneous, and mobilized population. Because many Central Asians perceived the Soviet state as fundamentally alien, however, the political dynamic that emerged in response to Soviet gender reforms resembled the situation in the colonized Middle East, where feminism and nationalism came to be seen as mutually antagonistic.

No way out: desecuritization, emancipation and the eternal return of the political — a reply to Aradau

Abstract: Claudia Aradau addresses important issues within the securitization approach of the Copenhagen School. Discussions of security, securitization and desecuritization always involve implicit or explicit stances on political preferences. Unsatisfied with both desecuritization and the identification of security with emancipation, she goes on to develop an alternative take on the problem. De-coupling emancipation from security, Aradau tries to locate emancipation as the counter-strategy to securitization in a realm beyond and outside the reach of exceptional politics, sovereign authority and exclusionary moves. What Aradau underestimates is the central, indeed constitutive, role that security plays in the ontotheology of politics.

Slave Revolution in the Caribbean, 1789-1804 : A Brief History with Documents

Abstract: The French Caribbean in the Eighteenth Century The Revolution Begins, 1789-1791 From Slave Revolution to Emancipation, 1791-1794 Defining Emancipation, 1794-1801 War and Independence

Race and Liberty in the New Nation: Emancipation in Virginia from the Revolution to Nat Turner's Rebellion

Abstract: What does it mean to say that all men are created equal? In the context of the American Declaration of Independence it could be seen as merely a rather grandiose way of saying that Americans have as much right to self-government as Englishmen. 'No taxation without representation' was another rallying call of the time, but that had been a parliamentary slogan during Charles I's reign. To rally supporters and gain the world's approval Americans needed something more up-to-date that would show they had rebelled for good cause, and not simply because they resented paying taxes for the upkeep of an empire in which their interests were not fully represented. And what more elevating principles were available to men of the latter part of the eighteenth century than those forged by the philosophers of the Enlightenment? Freedom from tyranny, a government dedicated to serving the needs of the people, the universal rights of man—that was what the Enlightenment was about, and that was what the founders of the United States decided it should be about too. True, a number of them happened to be slaveholders. That was inconvenient. But wasn't it better to have high aspirations than no aspirations at all? The important thing was to get rid of the British. Sorting out the details could be left until later.

Control, Emancipation, and Status: The Mobile Telephone in the Teen's Parental and Peer Group Control Relationships.

Abstract: In this paper, we look into adolescents’ interactions with parents and peers from a power perspective. We find that parental interactions have dimensions of both Weberian power, but also can be seen in ritual forms that follow from the analysis of Goffman and Collins. In addition, peer group interactions have many ritual and symbolic aspects. The introduction of the mobile telephone has changed the way in which these power relations are carried out. The primary data for this analysis comes from interviews with teens. The analysis also includes some broader quantitative analyses based on random samples of Norwegian teens.

Another production is possible : beyond the capitalist canon

Abstract: This is the second volume, after "Democratizing Democracy", of the collection "Reinventing Social Emancipation: Towards New Manifestoes". Here, the author examines alternative models to capitalist development through case studies of collective land management, cooperatives of garbage collectors and women's agricultural cooperatives. He also analyzes the changing capital-labor conflict of the past two decades and the way labor solidarity is reconstituting itself under new forms from Brazil to Mozambique and South Africa.

Problems of modernization in late imperial Russia : Maksim M. Kovalevskii on social and economic reform

Abstract: economic theories and general cultural assumptions rather than on systematic empirical studies. In that respect, the reform represented an example of “administrative utopia,” based on the government's narrow—and in many respects utopian—vision of rural transformation, which inevitably resulted in its very limited practical impact on the 215 Atkinson, End, 88, 97-98; Kerans, Mind and Labor, 317, 359-362, 381; Pallot, “The Development,” 9394, 103-106. 216 See, for example, Kingston-Mann, In Search. 217 The term suggested by Judith Pallot. See, for example, her Land Reform.

Emancipation, Epiphany and Resistance: On the Underimagined and Overdetermined in Critical Marketing

Abstract: The emerging area of 'critical marketing' claims that the value of importing critical social theory lies in its capacity to interrogate the basic assumptions and conventions that guide research and teaching practice and collective institutional development within the marketing discipline. In her reviews of the character and status of critical marketing, Burton (2001, 2005) bemoans the slow development of critical discourse in marketing, attributing it to "[a] lack of a theoretical tradition and relatively poor knowledge of theoretical developments in other social sciences" (2001:737). She broadly asserts that emancipation from the structures and strictures that bind marketing scholars to normalised institutionalised logics, such as performative means-ends calculus and naive scientism, should be the goal of a critical marketing project that seeks to redress the lack of critical theoretical discourse within the discipline. This paper considers the claimed liberatory potential of critmar, arguing that notion...

A history of Barbados : from Amerindian settlement to Caribbean single market

Abstract: 1. The first Barbadians c.350-c.1627 2. English colonisation 1627-1650 3. The 'sugar and slavery' model 1644-1692 4. The Creole slave-based society and economy 1688-1807 5. Abolition, rebellion and emancipation 1807-1838 6. Freedom without liberties 1838-1897 7. Right to full freedom 1843-1876 8. Planter-merchant consolidation and workers' organisations 1876-1937 9. From colony to nation state 1937-1966 10. Current trends - from nation state to Caribbean single market and economy.

Can a human rights culture enable emancipation? Clearing some theoretical ground for the renewal of a critical sociology

Abstract: A critical sociology, a sociology which is alive rather than moribund, has only existed as a result of the imagining of an emancipatory project of one form or other. At least from the rationalist project of the Enlightenment which wished to liberate thought from religious dogma, to the critique of capitalism and the imagining of an alternative in the 19th century, to the critique of ‘actually existing socialism’ in May 1968, to the imagining of freedom and development in the Third World, to the struggle for equality between men and women, to the anti-apartheid struggle for a better world; in all these moments sociology was able to rise to a critical analysis of what exists and its structuring by power in order to clear the ground for an alternative. Today the absence of an emancipatory project is reflected in the inability of sociology in most of the world to transcend the descriptive and the given. In South Africa in particular, this is reflected in the mainstream intellectual praise-singing of ...

Female Autonomy, Education and the Hijab

Abstract: This essay discusses one of the motives behind the recent ban on the wearing of Muslim headscarves (hijab 1 ) in French schools: the belief that it assists the emancipation of Muslim girls from religious and patriarchal oppression. 2 The first section sets out a republican perfectionist case for the ban, based on Enlightenment assumptions about progressive secular rationalism, education to autonomy, and criticism of the pre‐modern, patriarchal nature of Islam. The second section mounts a critical response, which rejects republican paternalism and connects insights from the post‐modern sociology of religion with radical feminist theories of female agency. In the third section, I show that both arguments, even on the most sympathetic interpretation I present here, are flawed. I argue that although the ban on the hijab cannot be justified, republicans are right to worry about the dangers of domination in civil society. I then set out a ‘critical republican’ theory of non‐domination which avoids the ...

Critical Pedagogy, Latino/a Education, and the Politics of Class Struggle

Abstract: Due to the fact that critical pedagogy constitutes a narrative of universal emancipation (at least those versions that have escaped attempts by postmodernists and neoliberals to domesticate them), critics on both the political left and the right not only have dismissed its politics as yet another example of the colonizing incarnations of the Western educational canon but also have rejected it as a valid means for social transformation. They have accused it of possessing, among other toxic attributes, an outdated and historically discredited working-class tri-umphalism premised on vulgar economic reductionism that should have been abandoned long before Fukuyama2 famously announced that the teething pains of capitalism were over and that liberal capitalist democracy had finally ascended to the zenith of humankind’s ideological achievements through its ultimate victory over its conquered rival ideologies of hereditary monarchy, fascism, and more recently communism.3 Of course, the primary object of attack is Marxist theory itself, which has been making some significant inroads of late within the critical pedagogy literature, more specifically as the central theoretical armature of the critique of the globalization of capitalism and the pauperization of the working masses in the wake of recent “free trade” agreements and the economic and military imperialism of the Bush Jr. administration.

Claims to Memory: Beyond Slavery and Emancipation in the French Caribbean

Abstract: Why do the people of the French Caribbean still continue to be haunted by the memory of their slave past more than one hundred and fifty years after the abolition of slavery? What process led to the divorce of their collective memory of slavery and emancipation from France's portrayal of these historical phenomena? How are Martinicans and Guadeloupeans today transforming the silences of the past into historical and cultural manifestations rooted in the Caribbean?This book answers these questions by relating the 1998 controversy surrounding the 150th anniversary of France's abolition of slavery to the period of the slave regime spanning the late Enlightenment and the French Revolution. By comparing a diversity of documents - including letters by slaves, free people of color, and planters, as well as writings by the philosophes, royal decrees, and court cases - the author untangles the complex forces of the slave regime that have shaped collective memory. The current nationalization of the memory of slavery in France has turned these once peripheral claims into passionate political and cultural debates.

Wearing the mask of nationality lightly

Abstract: This is the story of two communities, Carteret and Craven County, at the southern tip of North Carolina’s Outer Banks, and how the experience of Union military occupation shaped the inhabitants and the soldiers who occupied the region. Occupied in March 1862, both communities remained under Union occupation for the remainder of the war. The white residents had a strong streak of pre-war Unionism, and appeared to welcome the Union soldiers when they first arrived. However, by 1865, these residents would alter their allegiance and develop a strong sense of southern nationalism as a result of what they perceived as a harsh, oppressive, and racially radical occupation. African Americans in the region utilized Union soldiers to empower themselves and gain independence and autonomy in the face of white hostility, while prolonged occupation duty caused many negative reactions from the Union soldiers who had to act as administrators and policemen in the region. There was a symbiotic relationship between military and civilian forces during and after the war. The individual and collective actions that local white residents, slaves, and soldiers took affected the economic, social, political, and cultural dynamics of the region. After the war, whites furiously sought to re-establish racial control, and held inhabitants accountable for their wartime actions, presaging why Reconstruction would be so difficult in the region and the South. This work traces the development of white Confederate and Unionist loyalties in both regions, shedding light on the nature of Unionism and southern identity formation. Writ large, this work utilizes the experience of two adjacent communities to offer new directions in which to view the construction of personal and national identities as well as the nature of military occupation in the Civil War and beyond.

Figures of Thought and Figures of Flesh: “Jews” and “Judaism” in Late-Medieval Spanish Poetry and Politics

Abstract: "VWho is a Jew?" The question has been asked countless times and by diverse peoples, ranging from ancient prophets to modern politicians. There was even a time, a short century ago, when tourists to certain European cities were exhorted by their guidebooks to wonder of each stranger that passed them in the streets: "Could he be Jewish?" The query was not innocent, the acts of inclusion or ex clusion it precipitated rarely without purpose or consequence. Within the medieval lands we now call Spain, its tremendous power was most famously displayed in the discriminations of the Inquisition. Modernity did not attenuate that power. "I determine who is a Jew": the claim, coined by the Austrian politician Karl Lueger in the late 1890s and later adopted by Hermann Goering, makes clear the stakes. It makes clear, as well, that the relationship of the question to its object is not simple. As Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno put it in their Dialectic of Enlightenment, "[to] call someone a Jew amounts to an instigation to work him over until he resembles the image."1 "What is Jewish?" This second question, the adjectival form of the first, was also a question of power in the Middle Ages as in modernity. Both eras found it easy to imagine their histories in terms of a struggle for emancipation from "Jew ishness"; both classified any number of religious, aesthetic, economic, philosoph ical, and political positions as "Jewish." Even as medievalists we are, of course, all familiar with the important role that polemical questions about "Jewish litera ture," "Jewish atheism," "Jewish socialism," "Jewish modernity," and "Jewish materialism" played in producing the twentieth century's turbulent history. We think less often of the complex relationships these modern questions have to the medieval ones we study. And we are often barely conscious of the ways in which the long history of these two questions, "Who is a Jew?" and "What is Jewish?" has animated the practices of scholars. A century ago few scholars questioned the possibility of determining the degree of "Jewishness" of a given phenomenon, though they may have disagreed on the

Emancipation in cross-cultural IS research: The fine line between relativism and dictatorship of the intellectual

Abstract: Critical research is becoming increasingly accepted as a valid approach to research in information systems. It is deemed to be particularly suitable for situations where researchers want to address conspicuous injustice, such as in areas of development or the digital divide. Critical research in information systems (CRIS), I will argue, is a possible approach to some of the ethical problems arising in the context of information and communication technology (ICT). It can be sensitive to the question of culture and therefore suitable for researching cross-cultural ethical questions in ICT. It is often unclear, however, what exactly critical research stands for and to what extent critical approaches are applicable across cultural boundaries. This paper will address these problems by proposing a definition of critical research as focused on changing the status quo and aiming for emancipation. It will then look at the question whether different cultures are compatible and comparable and what the role of culture in research on information systems is. The paper will then return to the question whether the critical intention to emancipate and empower humans is an expression of cultural imperialism or whether there are valid ways of promoting emancipation across cultural divides.

Race and the Politics of Memory: Mark Twain and Paul Laurence Dunbar

Abstract: In an 1899 essay Mark Twain wrote,It would not be possible for a humane and intelligent person to invent a rational excuse for slavery; yet you will remember that in the early days of the emancipation agitation in the North the agitators got but small help or countenance from any one. Argue and plead and pray as they might, they could not break the universal stillness that reigned, from pulpit and press all the way down to the bottom of society – the clammy stillness created and maintained by the lie of silent assertion – the silent assertion … that nothing is going on which fair and intelligent men are aware of and are engaged by their duty to try to stop.

Germans, Jews, and Antisemites: Trials in Emancipation

Abstract: The ferocity of the Nazi attack upon the Jews took many by surprise. Volkov argues that a new look at both the nature of antisemitism and at the complexity of modern Jewish life in Germany is required in order to provide an explanation. While antisemitism had a number of functions in pre-Nazi German society, it most particularly served as a cultural code, a sign of belonging to a particular political and cultural milieu. Surprisingly, it only had a limited effect on the lives of the Jews themselves. By the end of the nineteenth century, their integration was well advanced. Many of them enjoyed prosperity, prestige, and the pleasures of metropolitan life. This book stresses the dialectical nature of assimilation, the lead of the Jews in the processes of modernization, and, finally, their continuous efforts to 'invent' a modern Judaism that would fit their new social and cultural position.

Haiti: The saturnalia of emancipation and the vicissitudes of predatory rule

Abstract: Since its independence in 1804 Haiti has failed to generate the political and economic institutions with which to usher in a functioning and accountable democratic order. In spite of its glorious revolution, which abolished slavery at the moment of its creation, Haiti faced a series of domestic and international constraints that prevented it from engaging in a successful process of nation-building. While these constraints have taken new forms, they have continued to plague the contemporary struggles for democratisation and equity. This article will analyse critical moments of Haiti's history to illustrate these persisting constraints.

The Penguin Book of Caribbean Verse in English

Abstract: Introduction: the language continuum the oral tradition before emancipation from emancipation to black liberation the literary tradition the 18th and 19th centuries the 20th century. Note on the text. Part 1 The oral tradition: anonymous - work-songs, dancing songs, Guinea corn, songs, my deery honey, freedom a come oh!, song of the king of the Eboes, Negro song at Cornwall, a Negro song, a popular Negro song, Quaco Sam, Sangaree kill de captain, war down a Monkland, two man a road, Mas' Charley, I have a news, there's a black boy in a ring, you ask me Oku Onuora - last night, pressure drop, reflection in red Brian Meeks - Las' rights, the coup-clock clicks Michael Smith - black bud, I an I alone or Goliath Valerie Bloom - trench town shock (A Soh Dem Sey), wat a rain. Part 2 The literary tradition: anonymous - from "A Pindarique Ode on the Arrival of His Excellency Sir Nicholas Lawes" etc. Francis Williams - from an ode to George Haldane etc. Nathaniel Weekes - from Barbados, I and II James Grainger - from "The Sugar-Cane", books II and IV John Singleton - from "A General Description of the West Indian Islands", book II, book III anonymous - from a poetical epistle etc., from "Jamaica, a Poem in Three Parts" etc. J.B. Moreton - ballad James Montgomery - from "The West Indies" M.J. Chapman - from "Barbadoes", African dirge William Hosack - from "The Isle of Streams," stanzas X - XIV, stanzas XLV - LI Robert Dunbar - from "The Cruise", from "The Caraguin" Henry Dalton - the emigrant ship Horatio Nelson Huggins - from "Hiroona" - the introduction, canto XII, ????? 23-6 Egbert Martin - trade, national anthem Thomas MacDermot - from "San Gloria" (from Columbus's soliloquy), Cuba, a market basket in the car Donald McDonald - a song of those who died, breakfast in bed (influenza in war-time), a citizen of - the world Alfred Cruickshank - God or mammon, let us be frank, the convict song W. Adolphe Roberts - on a monument to Marti, peacocks, the maroon girl, a valediction Claude McKay - Fetchin water, subway wind, the white house, if we must die, baptism Jean Rhys - our gardener, Obeah night, Martin Carter - university of hunger, from "I Come from the Nigger Yard", till I collect, there is no riot, for a man who walked sideways, the great dark, as new and as old, bent, our number Evan Jones - genesis, walking with R.B., November, 1956, the song of the banana man, the lament of the banana man Shake Keane - shaker funeral, coming back, from "Volcano Suite: Soufriere (79) I" Daniel Williams - we are the cenotaphs Andrew Salkey - remember Haiti, Cuba, Vietnam, Soufriere, clearsightedness, postcard from Mexico, 16.X.1973, a song for England, dry river bed Henry Beissel - pans at carnival Derek Walcott - a far cry from Africa, from "Another Life", chapter 20, forest of Europe, the spoiler's return Edward Kamau Brathwaite - horse weebles, starvation and blues, schooner, harbour. (Part contents)