Showing papers on "Emulsified fuel published in 1969"

Emulsified hydrocarbon fuels

Abstract: EMULSIFIED FUEL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING A HYDROCARBON FUEL AS THE DISPERSE PHASE, AN EMULSIFIER, WATER AND UREA OF FORMAMIDE AS AN EMULSION STABILIZER HAVE IMPROVED FLOW AND DEMULSIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS.

Emulsified fuels characteristics and requirements

Abstract: : A 'Preliminary Description of Emulsified Fuels' is presented which provides essential property requirements based on knowledge developed at this and other laboratories. Many test methods were adopted, adapted, or developed as required, and tentative limits were established wherever the applicable information was available. The candidate emulsified fuel formulations, developed at the various laboratories, were evaluated at this laboratory, by the test methods of the 'preliminary description,' in a small turbine engine and in bench turbine combustion and fuel systems.

Conceptual design study of demulsification of fuel emulsions by a coalescence process

Abstract: : It is desirable to have a demulsification process so that fuel recovered from safety fuel emulsions could then be used in devices or vehicles not qualified for emulsion fuel. The technical feasibility of all three essential steps was demonstrated: Breakdown of emulsion; Coalescence of unbroken emulsion; and the Separation of unbroken emulsion from the fuel. In this study, stainless-steel wool packing or screens were used for the critical steps of breaking and coalescing. Depending on the emulsions, 79 to 92% breakdown by weight was achieved. This performance was obtained by passing 1.4 gpm of the emulsions through a small tube containing the steel wool. The most important parameter determining the extent of breakdown was found to be the energy dissipated per unit volume of emulsion. The best breakdowns were obtained at the upper limit of energy dissipation of the equipment used. If this energy is increased either by operating at pressures greater than 240 psi or by using a recirculating system, the extent of emulsion breakdown should be increased. Continuous separation of broken emulsion was demonstrated. The resulting JP-4 met the military specifications with the exception of dissolved surfactant, which conventional testing procedures classified as gum. Although the surfactant was removed by adsorption on charcoal, it is questionable whether it represents a significant debit.

Optimization of Nonaqueous Fuel Emulsions

Abstract: : This report summarizes the work aimed at the optimization of two nonaqueous fuel emulsions, WSX-7165 and WSX-7063, to improve their quality for possible use in gas turbine engines. Several optimized fuel emulsions that meet the initial established contractual requirements were formulated and characterized. These fuel emulsions are stable under a variety of conditions, ranging from -65F up to at least 140F. The emulsions are compatible, in general, with the same elastomers and metals of construction as the WSX-7165 fuel emulsion. In addition, the optimized emulsions are also compatible with mild steel. The combustion and rheological behavior of the optimized emulsion formulations was also investigated. At high atomization pressures, the combustion efficiency of the emulsions approaches that of JP-4, provided the emulsion yield stress is less than 1500 dynes/sq. cm. It was also found that the presence of corrosion inhibitors has a profound effect on the combustion behavior of these emulsions.