Showing papers on "Eudaimonia published in 1982"

Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy

Abstract: Hannah Arendt's last philosophical work was an intended three-part project entitled "The Life of the Mind." Unfortunately, Arendt lived to complete only the first two parts, "Thinking" and "Willing." Of the third, "Judging," only the title page, with epigraphs from Cato and Goethe, was found after her death. As the titles suggest, Arendt conceived of her work as roughly parallel to the three "Critiques" of Immanuel Kant. In fact, while she began work on "The Life of the Mind," Arendt lectured on "Kant's Political Philosophy," using the" Critique of Judgment" as her main text. The present volume brings Arendt's notes for these lectures together with other of her texts on the topic of judging and provides important clues to the likely direction of Arendt's thinking in this area.

Philosophical Ethics: An Introduction to Moral Philosophy

Abstract: PART ONE: FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS Chapter 1: Morality and Moral Philosophy Case Study: The Watergate Coverup Morality The Nature of a Moral Postition: Ronald Dworkin: "The Concept of a Moral Position" The Object of Morality: G.J. Warnock: "The Object of Morality" Approaches to the Study of Morality The Remainder of This Text Suggested Supplementary Readings Chapter 2: Relativity, Pluralism, and Individuality in Morals Case Study: Mercy Killing in Canada Relativism in Morals: J.L. Mackie: "Relativism and the Claim to Objectivity" Richard B. Brandt: "Relativism and Ultimate Disagreements about Ethical Principles" Moral Disagreement: Alasdair MacIntyre: "Moral Disagreements" Egoism: David P. Gauthier: "The Incompleat Egoist" Suggested Supplementary Readings Chapter 3: Justification and Truth Case Study: Organ Procurement Policies Moral Arguments and Moral Justification Internal and External Justifications Ultimate Justification and Individual Choice: William K. Frankena: "Why Be Moral?" Cognitivism Noncognitivism Moral Realism and Antirealism: David McNaughton: "Morality--Invention or Discovery?" J.L. Mackie: "Subjectivsim, Objectism, and the Error Theory" Reflective Equilibrium: John Rawls: "Some Remarks About Moral Theory" Conclusion Suggested Supplementary Readings PART 2: CLASSICAL ETHICAL THEORIES Chapter 4: Mill and Utilitarian Theories Case Study: Health Policy for Hypertension The Objectives of Normative Theories The Utilitarian Conception of Morality: John Stuart Mills: "Utilitarianism" The Concept of Utility Act Utilitariansim: J.J.C. Smart: "An Outline of a System of Utilitarian Ethics" Rule Utilitarianism: Richard B. Brandt: "Some Merits of One Form of Rule-Utilitarianism" Criticisms and Defenses of Utilitarianism: Robert Nozick: "Moral Constraints and Moral Goals" Conclusion Suggested Supplementary Readings Chapter 5: Kant and Deontological Theories Case Study: Plutonium Secrets The Deontological Conception of Morality: John Rawls: "Utilitarianism and Deontology" Kant's Ethics: Immanual Kant: "The Good Will and the Categorical Imperative" Prima Facie Obligations: W.D. Ross: "What Makes Right Acts Right?" Respect for Persons and Respect for Autonomy Deontolgoical Constraints Criticisms and Defenses of Deontolgoical Theories Conclusion Suggested Supplementary Readings Chapter 6: Aristotle and Virtue Theories Case Study: The Virtues of Jane Addams The Concept of Virtue Aristotelian Ethics: Aristotle: "Moral Virtue" The Special Place of the Virtues: Alasdair MacIntyre: "The Nature of the Virtues" Can Virtues and Obligations Coexist? Moral Ideals and Moral Excellence: Joel Feinberg: "Obligation and Supererogation" Criticisms and Defenses of Virtue Ethics: Robert B. Louden: "On Some Vices of Virtue Ethics" Conclusion Suggested Supplementary Readings Chapter 7: Hume and Humean Theories Case Study: Drinking Dessert Wines Hume's Moral Philosophy: David Hume: "The Principles of Morals" Morals by Invention: J.L. Mackie: "The Content of Ethics" Morals by Agreement: David Gauthier: "David Hume, Contractarian" The Voice of Moral Sentiment: Annette Baier: "Hume, The Women's Moral Theorist?" Criticisms of Humean Ethics Conclusion Suggested Supplementary Readings PART 3: TOPICS IN MORAL AND SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY Chapter 8: Rights Case Study: The Taliban in Control Rights and Human Rights Liberalism and Its Communitarian Critics: Joel Feinberg: "Liberalism and Dogmatism" The Communitarian Rejection of Liberalism: Charles Taylor: "Atomism" Jeremy Waldron: "When Justice Replaces Affection: The Needs for Rights" Rights Against Oppression: Susan Moller Okin: "Feminism, Women's Human Rights, and Cultural Differences" Types of Rights The Contingency of Rights Right-Based Ethical Theories Conclusion Suggested Supplementary Readings Chapter 9: Justice Case Study: Nuclear Fallout in the Marshall Islands The Nature of Justice Principles of Justice The Liberatarian Theory: Robert Nozick: "The Entitlement Theory" The Egalitarian Theory: John Rawls: "An Egalitarian Theory of Justice" Criticisms of Theories of Justice: Alasdair Mac Intryre: Rival Justices, Competing Rationalities Susan Moller Okin: "The Family: Beyond Justice?" Conclusion Suggested Supplementary Readings Chapter 10: Liberty Case Study: Restricting Access to the Internet The Concepts of Autonomy and Liberty The Valid Restriction of Liberty: John Stuart Mill: "On Liberty" Legal Moralism: Robert George: "Making Men Moral" The Offense Principles: Joel Feinberg: "'Harmless Immoralities' and Offensive Nuances" Paternalism: Gerald Dworkin: "Paternalism" Conclusion Suggested Supplementary Readings

Feminist theory : a critique of ideology

Abstract: "A crucial task for feminst scholars," wrote Michelle Rosaldo over two years ago in "Signs," "emerges, then, not as the relatively limited one of documenting pervasive sexism as a social fact-or showing how we can now hope to change or have in the past been able to survive it. Instead, it seems that we are challenged to provide new ways of linking the particulars of women's lives, activities, and goals to inequalities wherever they exist." "Feminist Theory: A Critique of Ideology" meets that challenge. Collected from several issues of "Signs-Journal of Women in Culture and Society," these essays explore the relationships between objectivity and masculinity, between psychology and political theory, and between family and state. In pursuing these critical explorations, the contributors-liberal, Marxist, socialist, and radical feminists-examine the foundations of power, of sexuality, of language, and of scientific thought.