Showing papers on "Forced outage published in 1978"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed and illustrated a method for calculating the equivalent forced outage rate of multi-state peaking generating units, which considers partial outages which were not specifically included in the methods proposed previously.
Abstract: This paper proposes and illustrates a method for calculating the equivalent forced outage rate of multi-state peaking generating units. The proposed method considers partial- outages which were not specifically included in the methods proposed previously. Two approaches proaches are described and illustrated: one requires developing and solving a multi-state model using component failure and repair rates; the other which is an empirical approach requires quires additional data on start times and stop times of the units to define the demand period.
14 citations
TL;DR: Forced outage of nuclear units in the US due to material related equipment malfunction or failure represented 35.8% of the total outage time through 1 January 1976, and the cost of material related failure in increased electricity cost alone will be between $327 million and $1.4 billion in 1977 as discussed by the authors.
3 citations
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the monetary value of reliability for large steam turbine-generators is determined in terms of the cost of a forced outage rate (FOR), which includes direct repair, replacement energy, and reserve costs.
Abstract: The monetary value of reliability for large steam turbine-generators is determined in terms of the cost of a forced outage rate (FOR), which includes direct repair, replacement energy, and reserve costs. It is shown that a significant correlation exists between annual costs and equipment reliability. Besides the evaluation of a unit's future reliability, the expected level of reliability is less certain but equally important. Probability distribution is recommended as the best available tool for making an objective evaluation of the future performance of complex equipment.
3 citations