Showing papers on "Gender and development published in 1993"
TL;DR: The competing discourses of HIV/AIDS circulating in sub-Saharan Africa are identified and dissident activist voices are fracturing the dominant frameworks, and are mobilising a struggle for meaning around definitions of gender, rights, and development.
158 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the World Bank and the new politics of aid are discussed, and the authors propose a new political conditionality for aid, based on the European Journal of Development Research (EJDR).
Abstract: (1993). The World Bank and the new politics of aid. The European Journal of Development Research: Vol. 5, Political Conditionality, pp. 35-62.
59 citations
TL;DR: Different Places, Different Voices as mentioned in this paper is a book informed by the voices of female geographers from the developing world, which presents regional perspectives on urban and rural development, household reproduction and production and community organisation.
Abstract: Different Places, Different Voices challenges Western feminist and post-colonial approaches in its analysis of the changing lives of women of Asia, Africa, Latin America and Oceania. Recognising the significance of place, this is a book informed by the voices of female geographers from the developing world. Twenty case studies present regional perspectives on urban and rural development, household reproduction and production and community organisation. The theoretical and contextual approach and the emphasis on location and positionality highlight the differences created by place to suggest other ways of seeing.
59 citations
TL;DR: The article touches on the new emphasis placed by some economists and policy makers on cooperative and interactive solutions to problems with the option of the private-sector replacing government services and ends by mentioning three new initiatives which seek to build capacity for gender-aware economic analysis.
Abstract: In order to ensure that the different effects of economic issues on men and women are addressed, organisation at grassroots level and discussion with economists, are necessary. This article aims to close the gap in thinking between women's groups and female social scientists on the one hand, and economists, officials and business managers on the other. The latter need to see that economic issues are women's issues, which would contribute to a change in private and public sector attitudes. Another aim of the article is to empower women so that they can enter economics debates.
This article is hosted by our co-publisher Taylor & Francis. For the full table of contents for this and previous issues of this journal, please visit the Gender and Development website.
14 citations
TL;DR: Gender sensitive planning and implementation was an attempt to correct the major flaws of integrating women into development because it took into account the division of labor based on sex.
Abstract: Anti-poverty programmes (APPs) in Asia are not benefiting women. Heyzer explores the reasons why: failure to address unequal opportunities, failure to appreciate the different social responsibilities of men and women, and a false distinction, in economic terms, between the domestic and non-domestic spheres. APPs are needed that target households, because poverty has its greatest impact on women at this level. The article shows that economic growth is not synonymous with gender equality or human development. For this to be the case, strong Government initiatives and citizen participation need to be coupled with a stable society.
This article is hosted by our co-publisher Taylor & Francis. For the full table of contents for this and previous issues of this journal, please visit the Gender and Development website.
12 citations
TL;DR: Applying a gender analysis to structural adjustment policies reveals why gender analysis should be viewed as a prerequisite which allows planners and development practitioners to understand the hidden biases in their policies and reveals the importance of the dual role of women.
Abstract: Antrobus explains why gender analysis of structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) is important. She calls on planners and development practitioners to conduct such analysis, both at the macroeconomic level (how SAPs affect societies and economies) and also at microeconomic level (SAPs have greatest impact upon households). Structural adjustment programmes have been formulated around - and strengthen - unequal gender relations that exploit women. As a result, planners and practitioners need to: analyse women's needs at planning stage; understand the link between women's productive and reproductive roles; and allow female service users a say in making public services more efficient.
This article is hosted by our co-publisher Taylor & Francis. For the full table of contents for this and previous issues of this journal, please visit the Gender and Development website.
10 citations
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: The first conference of the International Geographical Union Study Group on Gender and Geography as mentioned in this paper was organized by region as a useful way of emphasizing local context-dependent responses of gender to development and environmental degradation.
Abstract: This introductory book chapter presents an overview of the topics discussed in this work on gender and development in the Third World. The individual papers contained in the book were all presented at the first conference of the International Geographical Union Study Group on Gender and Geography. The book is organized by region as a useful way of emphasizing local context-dependent responses of gender to development and environmental degradation. Each regional section has an introduction by a feminist geographer working within the region an account of the position of geography within gender studies at universities in the region and the authors experience within geography departments. All perspectives reinforce the view that the issues of geography and gender mean the same as gender and development. The "us" and "them" language of Western scholars is missing. The book aims to provide more than a spatial representation of concerns. The contributing authors view women as agents of change responding to crises in their societies. Chapters 2-4 pertain to rural environmental issues in Africa. Ardayfio-Schandorf analyzes three different gendered responses to the constraints women face in providing rural energy supplies. Hyma and Nyamwange focus on womens initiatives in restoring forests in Kiambu Kenya. Mwaka discusses the impact of environmental degradation on the decline in agricultural production in Uganda. The Latin American focus in chapters 20-21 is on migration between rural and urban areas and between rural areas and the changing nature of womens socioeconomic position. South Asias focus is on the interaction between womens productive and reproductive roles and decision making in chapters 7-12. The southeastern Asia and Pacific papers focus on the impact of modern Western influences on traditional religious and cultural ways in Malaysia and Western Samoa in chapters 14-16. Chapters 5 6 17 and 18 are not related by theme to their region.
5 citations
TL;DR: It is necessary to listen to women in order to meet their needs and design appropriate programs, and more research is needed to add to the little that is known about refugee women.
Abstract: Relief organisations need to change the way they work with women refugees (and men and child refugees), to allow them a say in their own development. This is important not just in terms of grassroots involvement and a say in policy-making, but also for refugees' self-respect. Wallace explains why women should be fully represented in the areas of agency staff and procedures, research, listening and decision-making, and access to resources. In addition, local women's organisations are to be encouraged. Wallace uses case studies and shows the necessity of investing time to bring about long-term change.
This article is hosted by our co-publisher Taylor & Francis. For the full table of contents for this and previous issues of this journal, please visit the Gender and Development website.
5 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In many different countries, women are coming together to organise for a fairer world as mentioned in this paper and women's organisations focus on many different aspects of women's lives, but they share a concern to counter the disadvantages experienced by women as a result of gender constraints.
Abstract: In many different countries, women are coming together to organise for a fairer world. Women's organisations focus on many different aspects of women's lives — health, income generation, employment rights, community activities — but they share a concern to counter the disadvantages experienced by women as a result of gender constraints. The eight women whose lives and work are described in Dedicated Lives demonstrate the commitment and will to promote positive change in favour of women which is shown by so many women with whom Oxfam works. The interviews on which the book is based took place when the eight women were visiting the UK and Ireland as the first stage of a South- North linking project organised by Oxfam's Gender and Development Unit to mark the organisation's 50th anniversary. Although the women come from different countries and backgrounds, they are united in their vision of a world where South and North relate on terms of equality, based on a recognition of the value of individuals and a respect for human rights which transcends divisions of race, nationality, class, and gender.
4 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1993
2 citations
TL;DR: The National Women's Service has been set up to develop public policies specifically for women, but there is still a long way to go as discussed by the authors, and women's groups played an important role in establishing the new Government, which is formally committed to addressing their needs.
Abstract: Chile's recent move to democracy has not yet brought benefits to women. Under the old military regime, economic liberalisation boosted inequality and poverty. A decline in State welfare and male employment forced women into poorly paid jobs, on top of domestic work. On the other hand, women's groups played an important role in establishing the new Government, which is formally committed to addressing their needs. The National Women's Service has been set up to develop public policies specifically for women, but there is still a long way to go.
This article is hosted by our co-publisher Taylor & Francis. For the full table of contents for this and previous issues of this journal, please visit the Gender and Development website.
TL;DR: The war's impact was to disrupt social and private life, which allowed women to enter the public domain and contribute to economic security, and to create an awareness of women's essential role in the survival of their families and communities.
Abstract: In times of war, the poorest people in communities - usually women and children - are most affected. The 1979 civil war in Chad plunged many women into poverty, especially in urban areas. Yet at the same time the conflict smashed Chad's patriarchal social order allowing women to move into traditionally male roles. Their contribution and value are now being recognised in the following spheres: keeping families and communities together; earning an income and trading; creating commercial and banking systems; and shifting from being consumers to producers.
This article is hosted by our co-publisher Taylor & Francis. For the full table of contents for this and previous issues of this journal, please visit the Gender and Development website.
TL;DR: In response to the 1992 drought in the Eastern province of Zambia, Oxfam held four community workshops in which local people decided upon action to address their most urgent needs as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In response to the 1992 drought in the Eastern province of Zambia, Oxfam held four community workshops in which local people decided upon action to address their most urgent needs. Reports from these workshops show how women suffer in times of drought, walking vast distances in search of food and water for their families. But the discussions also gave hundreds of women a place in village leadership. The drought contributed to a breakdown in male-dominated social structures. This in turn allowed the vital contribution of women to be recognised by men in their households and communities.
This article is hosted by our co-publisher Taylor & Francis. For the full table of contents for this and previous issues of this journal, please visit the Gender and Development website.