Showing papers on "Head (linguistics) published in 1968"
8 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined ambigual grammatical structures containing prenominal or postnominal modifiers in the noun phrase and found that over fifty ambigual structures in noun phrases can be found in the English language.
Abstract: The term ambiguity refers to the multiple meaning of a given utterance. Most commonly this is a double meaning, as in this sign on an Iowa dancehall: 1. clean and decent dancing every night except Monday. There are two kinds of ambiguity that must be distinguished, lexical and structural. In lexical ambiguity the double meaning derives from the meanings of the words themselves. Here is an example from a piece of advice to newlyweds: 2. When she washes the dishes, he should wash the dishes with her. When she mops up the floor, he should mop up the floor with her. Structural ambiguity, on the other hand, stems from the grammar of English, frequently from the arrangement of words and structures or from the grammatical classification of words. The next example shows a structural ambiguity caused by the arrangement: 3. At the commencement exercise, the Johnsons watched their grandson cross the platform proudly. The arrangement permits proudly to modify either watched or cross. Structural ambiguity resulting from grammatical classification is illustrated in this sentence: 4. Twenty faculty members have earned degrees. Here have earned can be classified as either auxiliary + verb or as verb + adjectival; thus two readings are produced. In what follows, I am going to limit the treatment of structural ambiguity in the noun phrase to the written language, for the dangers of ambiguity are much greater in writing than in speaking. In speaking, vocal signals such as stress, pitch, and juncture give very effective control over meaning, as an English professor once forgot when he announced to his Chaucer class: 5. Tomorrow we are going to examine the Wife of Bath's Tale. But in writing there is no living voice to control the meaning signals, and the writer must depend on the written form alone--arrangement, word choice, word form, punctuation, spelling, and capitalization-to keep the reader on the rails. These are slender means and, as we shall soon see, the opportunities for ambiguity in the written language are rife. Now, let us go to work on the noun phrase. The noun phrase consists of a noun head and its modifiers, fore and aft, and we shall examine a number of ambigual grammatical structures containing prenominal or postnominal modifiers. There are over fifty of these ambigual structures in the noun phrase, so we shall be able to consider only a sampling.
5 citations
TL;DR: The Legal Mentality as mentioned in this paper is a collection of nine projected parts of a massive, comprehensive study of the American mind from the Revolution to the outbreak of the Civil War, which was published in one volume.
Abstract: When Perry Miller, the great intellectual historian, died suddenly in 1963 at the age of 58, he left behind him fragments of a massive, comprehensive study of the American mind from the Revolution to the outbreak of the Civil War. Of nine projected parts, two and a portion of the third have been published in one volume.1 Book II of this volume, The Legal Mentality, contains Professor Miller's judgment on the intellectual life of American law. Publication of an essay on the intellectual side of the law by an author of high prestige is a major -and rare-event in American legal historiography. On the whole, 'however, this is a disappointing work. It has a certain grandeur of design, a certain beauty of style, but it is disfigured by many errors of fact2 and more significantly by its strained and strange view of American law and the legal profession. Some errors would no doubt have been corrected had the author lived. Others, however, are more fundamental errors in deep-seated premises, errors that infuse the entire
5 citations
TL;DR: The intravenous infusion of Novocaine or Procaine and Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride (Benadryl) have been used to alleviate head pain for over two thousand patients.
Abstract: FOR APPROXIMATELY twelve years1-2-3-4-5-6 and in over two thousand patients the intravenous infusion of Novocaine or Procaine and Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride (Benadryl) have been used to alleviate head pain. The variations in the method of administration depend on the cause. The rationale behind this method is based on the affect of the meditations on the basal ganglia, diencephalon7, and reticular-activating substance.8 This premise has been substained both theoretically and clinically.