Showing papers on "Infectious disease (medical specialty) published in 2024"

Coda

Abstract: Abstract This chapter reviews the sudden shift to emergency remote teaching due to the coronavirus pandemic and emphasizes that remote teaching is not online learning. It reiterates ideas expressed in earlier chapters that effective online teaching takes time and careful planning to develop content and pedagogical techniques and to build an online learning community. Based on recent research reports, it suggests that online instruction and associated faculty development efforts will become increasingly important. It recommends that music instructors evaluate courses they developed for emergency remote teaching and build on elements that proved effective. Looking to the future, it reminds instructors to be prepared for the unexpected and offers encouragement that the experience with emergency remote teaching will be useful in the case of any future disruptions.

Children and Disaster

Abstract: This chapter goes through the main points of caring for children during a disaster in a developing or developed country. Evidence-based approaches to complex humanitarian issues such diarrhea disease, malnutrition, and transmissible viral infections are covered in addition to pediatric triage protocols for disasters in more resource-abundant environments.

Disaster Risk Management

Abstract: Disaster risk management encompasses a holistic approach to all hazards throughout the disaster cycle of prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Research during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted numerous shortfalls globally in disaster preparedness and response within the health care setting. The results of multiple studies suggest that a lack of preparedness and high vulnerability remain significant challenges for health care organizations during disasters. Risk may also need to be reexamined in light of the increasing frequency, duration, and intensity of crisis events. Rather than focusing on an all-hazards approach to disaster risk management, it may be prudent to consider the top hazards an organization may face.

Disaster Nursing

Abstract: Nursing has had a long history providing medical support in response to disasters, from some of the earliest mass casualty events to the most recent COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter outlines the role of nursing in the mitigation, preparedness response, and recovery phases of disasters. There is now a recognized need to create future disaster leaders in this specialty role through a variety of educational opportunities. Further, there are many agencies at the local, state, and national level that include nurses in key leadership roles to support missions resulting from a catastrophe. This chapter uses case studies to outline the various opportunities available for nurses considering a career in the ever-evolving and exciting field of disaster nursing.

The Role of Social Media in Disasters

Abstract: We discuss the role of social media in disasters, including historical examples, as well as current practice. Social media has evolved from the personal one-on-one interactions between close friends and family to the widespread dissemination of any and all kinds of information, almost in real time. This can have both positive and negative consequences. Large reputable organizations, as well as state and government entities, can use social media to distribute key information during disaster situations. However, without regulation and oversight, anyone is free to do the same, which can lead to far reaching spread of false or inaccurate information. This, in turn, can have a direct impact on the health and wellbeing of a population by significantly affecting morbidity and mortality outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic was an eye-opening event, highlighting the power of social media to influence and alter the course of a public health crisis. The use, and abuse, of social media is constantly evolving, and we must continue to research and learn from the successes and failures to determine the most appropriate use of social media in disasters.

Infectious Disease in a Disaster Zone

Abstract: Populations affected by natural and human-made disasters often face conditions conducive to the rapid spread of infectious diseases. In the wake of a disaster, communities may be displaced from their homes to overcrowded shelters or settlements with disrupted access to safe water, proper sanitation facilities, and adequate health care services. All disaster types, regardless of whether the disaster is natural (hurricane, tsunami, flood, earthquake, etc.) or human-made (war, conflict, industrial accident, etc.), may increase the risk of infectious disease outbreaks. For all disasters, a comprehensive risk assessment should be conducted to properly allocate resources and prioritize interventions to reduce the potential harm caused by infectious diseases. Infectious diseases associated with disasters include water-borne diseases (e.g., diarrheal diseases, hepatitis), diseases associated with overcrowding (e.g., measles, acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis), vector-borne diseases (e.g., malaria, dengue fever, typhoid fever), and infections due to traumatic injuries (e.g., tetanus). Examples of infectious disease outbreaks after recent disasters are provided with an emphasis on strategies to avoid similar outbreaks in future disasters. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a background understanding and framework to aid in the prevention, identification, and control of infectious diseases in disaster zones.

Cruise Ship Infectious Disease Outbreak

Abstract: This chapter examines infectious disease outbreak on a cruise ship, including the outbreaks and handling of 2020 Sars-CoV-2 on cruise ships early in the COVID-19 pandemic.