Showing papers on "Marginal land published in 1970"

Some Irish techniques of collecting seaweed

Abstract: Seaweed has for centuries played an important role as a manure around the Irish coast. Reliance on it has varied from district to district according to local economic circumstances. It assumed a particular significance along the west coast during the second half of the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century when a rapid increase in population led to the colonization of waste and marginal land by people who depended more and more on the potato for subsistence and whose holdings were too small to carry any substantial numbers of Iivestock. In the absence of adequate supplies of other organic manures, seaweed became of vital importance and its collection and harvesting a main preoccupation of the seaboard population.

Structural problems in mountainous areas

Abstract: After the War, Japan's economy has been prominently developing by her industrialization. As a result of the rapid growth, it has created so-called “problem areas” in mountainous rural regions in contrast with prosperous areas in urban cities.Such mountainous regions occupy 49 percent in total land and 8 percent in population. Depopulation in these areas has been accelarated since 1960, the number of rural autonomy lost more than 10 percent of their population mounted to 51 percent for only 5 years after the year. This large change has badly affected in turn land use, farmers income, and local public finance. To cope with such situations, the Mountainous Community Development Law was enacted in 1965, and some countermeasures have carried out.To make the measures more effective, we should find not only what is the causes but what is the true problem to be solved. There can be pointed out five main causes as follows:1) Agricultural marginal land use problem. Technical development in agriculture enforced mountain areas getting more disadvantageous.2) Abandoned forestry resources problem caused by the fuel revolution. One of the main products in the areas, charcoal, was taken place by crude oil or its products.3) Under-employment problem in forestry. Mechanization in forestry complelled some laborer to get out of the forestry areas.4) Industrially less-developed area problem. The areas without any industrial factories can not accomodate surplus labor forces going out for urban areas.5) Changing value system problem. Because of a large change or chaos of the social value system after the War, younger generation do not have their obligation to stay at home for succeeding father's farm any more.In a sense, the mentioned causes have reformed a new enveronment. The key problem is how to readjust to the new conditions. Generally speaking, the structure built up under the former conditions tends to be continued even under the new conditions. There would occur a malacjustment problem of structure to the enveronmental changes. In order to solve the problems of mountainous areas basically, we should employ, besides existing tentative and direct countermeasures to stimulate agricultural and forestry activities, comprehensive and long-range measures such as resource development program to make reallocation and enlargement of resources possible.