Showing papers on "Medicinal plants published in 1992"

The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs

Abstract: Introduction A Brief History of Chinese Medicine The Cardiovascular System Herbs with Multiple Actions Cardiac Herbs Antiarrhythmic Herbs Antihypertensive Herbs Antianginal Herbs Antihypercholesteroliemic Herbs Antishock Herbs The Nervous System Anesthetics and Muscle-Relaxing Herbs Sedatives and Hypnotic Herbs Anticonvulsive Herbs Anti-Alzheimer and Nootropic Herbs Analgesic Herbs Antipyretic Herbs Antirheumatic Herbs Central Stimulating Herbs The Alimentary System Stomachic and "Wind"-Dispelling Herbs Herbs Promoting Digestion Antacid and Antiulcer Herbs Laxative Herbs Antidiarrheal Herbs Emetic and Antiemetic Herbs Choleretic and Antihepatitis Herbs Tonics and Supporting Herbs The Respiratory System Antitussives Expectorants Antiasthmatic Herbs The Genitourinary System Diuretic Herbs Herbs Affecting the Uterus Fertility and Contraceptive Herbs The Hematopoietic System Herbs Promoting Blood Formation Immunoenhancing and Immunosuppressing Herbs Hemostatic and Antistasic Herbs The Endocrine System Herbs Affecting the Thyroid Gland Herbs Affecting the Adrenal Cortex Antidiabetic Herbs Chemotherapy Antibacterial, Antiviral, and Antifungus Herbs Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Viral (HIV) Herbs Antitubercular Herbs Antiseptics and Disinfectants Anthelmintics Antiamebial and Antitrichomonial Herbs Antimalarial Herbs Anticancer Herbs Appendix Index

Study of analgesic and anti inflammatory activity from plant extracts of lactuca scariola

Abstract: SUMMARY: Seeds and samples of stems from the two medicinal plants, Lactuca scariola and Artemisia absinthium respectively were extracted in absolute methanol to determine their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. The analgesic activity was assessed on intact mice by tail flick latency in tail immersion method. The anti-inflammatory activity was estimated volumetrically by measuring the mean increase in hind paw volume of rat with the help of plethysmometer. Acetylsalicylic acid in the dose of 300 mg/kg is used as standard drug. Both plant extracts were given in the doses of 300, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Control group received 0.9% NaCI (saline) solution. All the doses administered orally. Results showed that Lactuca had potent analgesic activity and Artemisia had significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.

Phytochemical resources for medicine and agriculture

Abstract: An Historical Perspective of Ancient Poison (Cutler). Plants and Plant Products Used im Mummification (David). Plants Used Medically by Indigenous Peoples (Lewis). Plants as Sources of Medicinally and Pharmaceutically Important Compounds (Kinghorn). SocioEconomic Poisons (Brenneisen, ElSohly). Antiparasitic Agents from Plants (Borris, Schaeffer). Antifungal Compounds in Plants (Kuc). Nematicidal Compounds from Plants (Chitwood). Herbicidal Compounds from Higher Plants (Cutler). Insecticidal Compounds from Plants (Bowers). Natural Medicines Are Natural Pesticides? (Duke). Sources, Levels, and Toxicology (Beier, Nigg). Future for Natural Products (Nigg, Seigler). Index.

Herbal plants in the traditional medicine of Bahrain

Abstract: Plant samples collected in Bahrain and data reported in the literature indicate the flora of Bahrain to contain 52 species (49 genera; 20 families) of medicinal interest. Of these plant species 20 appear to be indigenous and are being used in traditional herbal remedies for numerous afflictions. Preparation of such remedies appears to be simple and includes boiling, infusions, extraction of milled dry or fresh leaves, flowers, seeds or whole plants. Direct consumption of plant parts, raw or cooked, is also practiced. None of these plants has been studied systematically to evaluate their medicinal potential.

Anticancer Medicinal Herbs

Abstract: anticancer medicinal herbs , anticancer medicinal herbs , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی

Cytotoxicity of Fusarium species mycotoxins and culture filtrates of Fusarium species isolated from the medicinal plant Tribulus terrestris to mammalian cells.

Abstract: Ayurvedic medicine, which uses decoctions made of medicinal plants, is used to cure diseases in many Asian countries including Sri Lanka. Although proper storage facilities for medicinal plants are unavailable in Sri Lanka, neither the potential for growth of toxigenic fungi nor their ability to produce mycotoxins in stored medicinal plants has been investigated. We isolated three Fusarium species, F. culmorum, F. acuminatum and F. graminearum from the medicinal plant Tribulus terrestris. Culture extracts of the 3 Fusarium spp. were cytotoxic to mammalian cell lines BHK-21 and HEP-2. Three toxic metabolites produced by Fusarium spp; T-2 toxin, zearalenone, and diacetoxyscirpenol were also cytotoxic to the same mammalian cell lines. The 3 Fusarium spp. grown on rice media produced zearalenone. Plant material destined for medicinal use should be stored under suitable conditions to prevent growth of naturally occurring toxigenic fungi prior to its use.

[Studies on the medicinal plant in the "Sambutsu-cho" of Bungo Province possessed by the Kumamoto Clan (II); studies on the medicinal herbs].

Abstract: In the previous report, I studied the medicinal trees contained in the Sambutsu-cho of the Kumamoto clan in Bungo Province In this report, I studied the medicinal herbs contained in the same book There were 259 names in the herbal part I identified 156 species and found 103 species as the medicinal plants The ratio of the medicinal plants was 66% The famous medicinal plants were as follows: Atractilodes japonica, Platycodon gradiflorum, Mentha arvensis var piperascens, Lisospermum erythrorizon, Pharbitis nil, Gentiana scabra var buergeri, Cnidium officianal, Angelica acutiloba, Bupleurum falcatum, Pueraria lobata, Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia suffruticosa, Achyranthes fauriei, Asarum dimidiatum, Ophiopogon japonica, Pinellia ternata and Cyperus rotundus

Evaluation of possible galactagoguic activity of a selected group of sri lankan medicinal plants

Abstract: In view of the potential benefits of herbal medicinal plants in improving lactation, a selected group of Sri Lankan plants used i.1 the traditional system of Medicine as galactagogues were evaluated for possible galactagoguic activity in Sprague Dawley rats. &tracts of Ngella sativa, Dregea volicbilis, lpon~ea digiram, Borasslcs jldbellifer, Cortiadnrm. sativum, Momordica charantia, Carica papaya, Cenfella c~sintica and Allium sativum were administered orally to lactating rats for 1 week from 'the 5th day after delivery. The number of littermates were limited to 7 per mother. Weight gain and milk intake in the litter on the 7th day of the experiment were compared with control groups that received equivalent amounts of vehicle under identical conditions. Significant galactagoguic activlty was not aetected in any of the plant extracts studied, although the doses of extracts used were adequate to concentrate possible active principles. However, a seasonal variation of the active principle or possible inactivation of the galatagoguic activity in the digestive system cannot be excluded. Introduction Herbal medicinal plants are recommended by practitioners of the traditional systems of medicine for increasing milk secretion in lactating women in several parts of the world. However, scientific evaluation of the plants for possible galactagoguic activity has been very limited.' A cold water extract of Abron~a a u g u ~ t a , ~ crude alcoholic 5 extract ofAsparagrs racen~osus ,~ '~ crude powder of Leptaderlia reticulafa and seeds of Nigella s a t i ~ a ~ ' ~ have been reported to possess galactagoguic activity. Weight gain of litter after administering the plant extract to lactating rats, changes in mammary histology or weight after administering the plant extract to oestrogen primed or post partum rats and milk yield in livestock after administering the plant in their diet were different indices of galactagoguic activity used in experiments. However, Tennekoon 8 and Coworkers failed to observe a sigslificant galactagoguic activity in Asparagus falcatus administered to lactating Sprague Dawley rats. The present study was LS designed to investigate the possible galactagoguic activity of a selected group of Sri Lankan medicinal plants using lactating rats as a model. I Lactating Sprague Dawley rats were used as the animal model to evaluate possible galactagoguic activity of several plants which are recommended as galactagogues in 34 Kamani H. Tennekoon et al. traditional systems of medicine. Plants were selected from a worldwide literature search carried out prior to commencement of the project. Materials and Methods Animal Experiments Three month old virgin female rats were paired with males. When they littered, number of littermates were reduced to 7 per mother. Mothers with their litter were randomly allocated into treatment (n = 6 to 10) and control (n = 6 to 10) groups. The day of littering was designated as D l and the plant extract to the mothers in the treatment groups and the vehicle to the mothers in the control groups were administered via oral animal feeding tubes under transient ligh: ether anaesthesia daily from D5 to D12. Weights of mothers and their littermates were recorded d a y from D5 to Dl3 and weight gain per litterma~e from D5 to Dl3 as well as the percentage weight gain of littermates from D5 to Dl3 were comparea between treatment groups and their respective control groups using Student's test. Further, milk intake per littermate was also compared between treatment and their respective control groups. On D l 2 after administering plant extractlvehicle to the mothers they 1. were separated from their litter for 4 hours. At the end of 4 hours Litter was weighted and mothers were given an intramuscular injection of syntocinon (0.5pI100g body wt.) and the litter was then allowed to suck. Litter was weighed again at the end of the , suckling period and the milk intake per littermate computed ansing the difference of litterweight before and after suckling as the total milk intake. The animal model selected was evaluated for suitability ic investigating galactagoguic activity using a known galactagogue chlopromazine. Two experiments were conducted.using chlopromazine 0.05 mg1100g body wt. per day and twice ;? day. Chlopromazine was administered intramuscularly from D5 to D l 2 to mothers in the treatment groups while control mother received distilled water. Rest of the experimental procedure was as described above. Preparation of plant extracts and dosages Nigella sativa Linn. (Family : Ranunculaceae, S: Kaluduru, T: Simaishembu or Karunj cheeraham): Concentrated aqueous'extract: 250 g of dried seeds of N. sativa were boiled with 1000 ml of water for 90 min and filtered. The filtrate (320 ml) was administered at a Y dose of 1' mVlOO g body wt. and the respective control group received an equivalent amount of distilled water. Diluted aqueous extract: An aliquot of the concentrated aqueous. extract was diluted with an equal volume of distilled water and administered at a dose of lmVlOOg Galactagogzric Activity of Medicinal Plants 35 body wt. and the respective control group received an equivalent amouht of distilled water. Ether extract: The residue of N. sativa seeds after obtaining the aqueous extract was extracted with cold ether. The extract was concentrated in vacuo and the concentrate was air dried and subsequently suspended in 5% Tween in 0.9% saline. This was administered at a dose of 100 mg/100 g body weight and the respective control group received an equivalent amount of 5% Tween in 0.9% saline. Dregea volubilis Linn. (Family: Asclepiadaceae, S: Anguna, T: Kurinja): Concentrated aqueous extract: Mature leaves of D. volubilis (258 g) were boiled with water (1500 ml) for 90 min and then squeezed through muslin cloth and filtered. The filtrate (690 ml) was administered at a dose of 1 mVl00 g body wt. and the respective control group received an equivalent amount of distilled water. Diluted aqueous extract: An aliquot of the concentrated aqueous extract was diluted with an equal volume of distilled water and administered at a dose of 1 mV103 g body wt. and the respective control group received an equivalent amount of distilled water. Ipomea digitata Linn. (Family: Convolvulaceae, S: Kiribadu, T: Nilappuchani): Aqueous extract: Tuberous roots of I. digitata (742 g) were boiled with water (2000 ml) for 90 min and then squeezed through muslin cloth and filtered. The filtrate was freeze dried and resuspended in distilled water to yield a solution of 50 mglml. This was administered at a dose of 1 ml/100 g body wt. and the respective control group received an equivalent amount of distilled water. Borassusflabellifer Linn. (Family: Palmae, S: Thal, T: Panammaram): Kernel of B. flabellifer was freeze dried and suspended in water to yield a solution of 40 mglml and this was administered at a dose of 1 mVl00 g body vd. and the respective control group received an equivalent amount of. distilled water. Comandtum satiwm Linn. (Family: ~hbel l i fe rae , S: ~ottamalli , T: Kotamalli): 250 g of dried seeds of C. satiwm were boiled with 1000 ml of water for 2 hodrs and filtered. Filtrate (250 ml) was administered at a dose of 1 rnVlOO g body wt. and the respective control b o u p received an equivalent amount of distilled water. Momordica charantia Linm (Family: Cucurbitaceae, S: Karawila, T: Pavakkayi): Mature green fruits of M. charantia were liquidized after removing seeds and placentae (500 g) and then squeezed though muslin cloth and filtered. The filtrate 36 Kamani H. Tennekoon et al. (250 ml) was administered at a dose of 1 ml/100 g body wt. The respective control group received an equivalent amount of distilled water. Cancapapaya Linn. (Family: Caricaceae, S: Papol, T: Pappali): Mature unripe fruits of C. papaya (500 g) were liquidized and then squeezed through muslin cloth and filtered. The fiitrate (200 ml) was administered at a dose of 1 d l 0 0 g body wt. and the respective control group received equivalent amounts of distilled water. Centella asiatica Urb. (Family: UmbeLliferae, S: Gotukola, T: Vallari): Leaves of C. asiatica together with the stems (600 g) were boiled with 1500 ml of water for 2 hours, liquidized and the^ squeezed through muslin cioth and filtered. The filtrate (850 mi) was admimstered at a dose of 1 mVlOOO g body wt. and the respective control group received equivalent amounts of distilled water. Allium sativum Linn. (Family: Amaryllidaceae, S: Sudu-lunu, T: Vellavengayam): Cloves of garlic (400 g in weight-after removing skin) were liquidized after adding 250 ml of water and then squeezed through muslin cloth and filtered. The filtrate (400 ml) was administered at a dose of 1 mVl00 g body wt. and the respeciive control group received an equivalent amount of distilled water. Results Weight gain per littermate, percentage weight gain of litter and milk intake.per littermate in different experimental groups are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Weight gain per littermate, percentage weight gain of litter or milk intake per littermate were not significantly different following administration of any of the plant extracts when compared with their respective control groups. However, i.m. administration of chlopromazine twice a day led to a significant increase in weight gain per littermate (p < 0.05) and percentage increase in weight (p < 0.01) though i.m. administration of chlopromazine once a day failed to do so.